Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Wegorka 20, Poznan 60-101, Poland.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Apr 22;68(16):4588-4594. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00632. Epub 2020 Apr 14.
Dicamba is a widely applied herbicide for crop protection and has potential for volatility. New formulations containing dicamba with greatly reduced volatility, introduced to the market in 2017, still caused foliar injury to crops and other plants in Arkansas and neighboring states in the United States. In response, we proposed the transformation of dicamba into protic as well as aprotic dicamba-based organic salts called herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs). All of the HILs were characterized by high stability, whereas the biological activity of the most effective products, evaluated during greenhouse studies, was found to be greater than that of currently used commercial analogues. Furthermore, the possibility of introducing an alkyl chain of a specific length allows one to obtain plant protection products with the desired physicochemical properties while maintaining herbicidal effectiveness. These studies are expected to aid in the design and development of new herbicidal formulations, which, depending on the weed species, could increase the efficacy of the applied active ingredient. Simultaneously, the volatility of the synthesized compounds, particularly those containing quaternary ammonium cations, was multiple times lower than that of the free acid of dicamba. This strategy minimizes the risk of off-site movement via volatilization, which may cause significant damage to neighboring broadleaf crops and pose a threat to existing ecosystems.
二甲苯草胺是一种广泛应用于作物保护的除草剂，具有挥发性。2017 年引入市场的新配方，虽然含有挥发性大大降低的二甲苯草胺，但仍会对阿肯色州和美国邻国的作物和其他植物造成叶面损伤。有鉴于此，我们提出将二甲苯草胺转化为质子化和非质子化的二甲苯草胺基有机盐，称为除草离子液体（HIL）。所有 HIL 的特点是高稳定性，而在温室研究中评估的最有效产品的生物活性被发现大于目前使用的商业类似物。此外，引入特定长度的烷基链的可能性使得能够获得具有所需物理化学性质的植物保护产品，同时保持除草效果。这些研究有望有助于设计和开发新的除草剂配方，根据杂草种类的不同，这些配方可以提高施用药剂的功效。同时，合成化合物的挥发性，特别是那些含有季铵阳离子的化合物，比二甲苯草胺的游离酸低几倍。该策略最大限度地降低了通过挥发而发生场外迁移的风险，这可能会对邻近的阔叶作物造成重大损害，并对现有生态系统构成威胁。
