Center of Life Sciences, Skoltech, Moscow, Russia.
Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia.
Mol Biol Evol. 2020 Aug 1;37(8):2279-2286. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaa083.
The basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune has the highest level of genetic polymorphism known among living organisms. In a previous study, it was also found to have a moderately high per-generation mutation rate of 2×10-8, likely contributing to its high polymorphism. However, this rate has been measured only in an experiment on Petri dishes, and it is unclear how it translates to natural populations. Here, we used an experimental design that measures the rate of accumulation of de novo mutations in a linearly growing mycelium. We show that S. commune accumulates mutations at a rate of 1.24×10-7 substitutions per nucleotide per meter of growth, or ∼2.04×10-11 per nucleotide per cell division. In contrast to what has been observed in a number of species with extensive vegetative growth, this rate does not decline in the course of propagation of a mycelium. As a result, even a moderate per-cell-division mutation rate in S. commune can translate into a very high per-generation mutation rate when the number of cell divisions between consecutive meiosis is large.
担子菌裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)拥有生物界已知的最高水平的遗传多态性。在之前的一项研究中,裂褶菌还被发现具有中等偏高的每代突变率 2×10-8,这可能是导致其高多态性的原因之一。然而,这一速率仅在培养皿实验中进行了测量,其在自然种群中的转化情况尚不清楚。在这里,我们使用了一种实验设计,该设计可以测量在线性生长的菌丝中从头突变的积累速率。我们表明,裂褶菌的突变积累率为每核苷酸每米生长 1.24×10-7 个替换,或每细胞分裂 2.04×10-11 个核苷酸。与在许多具有广泛营养生长的物种中观察到的情况相反,在菌丝繁殖过程中,这一速率并没有下降。因此,即使裂褶菌的每细胞分裂突变率适中,当连续减数分裂之间的细胞分裂次数较多时,也能转化为非常高的每代突变率。