Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Cell. 2020 Apr 2;181(1):46-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.001.
Cell therapies present an entirely new paradigm in drug development. Within this class, immune cell therapies are among the most advanced, having already demonstrated definitive evidence of clinical benefits in cancer and infectious disease. Numerous features distinguish these "living therapies" from traditional medicines, including their ability to expand and contract in proportion to need and to mediate therapeutic benefits for months or years following a single application. Continued advances in fundamental immunology, genetic engineering, gene editing, and synthetic biology exponentially expand opportunities to enhance the sophistication of immune cell therapies, increasing potency and safety and broadening their potential for treatment of disease. This perspective will summarize the current status of immune cell therapies for cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity, and discuss advances in cellular engineering to overcome barriers to progress.
细胞疗法为药物开发带来了全新的模式。在这一类别中，免疫细胞疗法最为先进，已经在癌症和传染病的治疗中证明了明确的临床获益。这些“活疗法”与传统药物有许多不同之处，包括其能够根据需要进行扩张和收缩的能力，以及在单次应用后数月或数年内介导治疗益处的能力。基础免疫学、基因工程、基因编辑和合成生物学的持续进步，使增强免疫细胞疗法的复杂性的机会呈指数级增长，从而提高其效力和安全性，并拓宽其治疗疾病的潜力。本文将总结免疫细胞疗法在癌症、传染病和自身免疫性疾病中的现状，并讨论细胞工程方面的进展，以克服进展的障碍。
