R&D division, J-OILMILLS, Inc., Yokohama 230-0053, Japan.
Fine Chemical Division, J-OILMILLS, Inc., Tokyo 104-0044, Japan.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 31;12(4):965. doi: 10.3390/nu12040965.
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor and is required for post-translational γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP). The current recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin K in most countries has been established based on normal coagulation requirements. Vitamin K1 and menaquinone (MK)-4 has been shown to decrease osteocalcin (OC) γ-carboxylation at RDI levels. Among the several vitamin K homologs, only MK-7 (vitamin K2) can promote γ-carboxylation of extrahepatic VKDPs, OC, and the matrix Gla protein at a nutritional dose around RDI. MK-7 has higher efficacy due to its higher bioavailability and longer half-life than other vitamin K homologs. As vitamin K1, MK-4, and MK-7 have distinct bioactivities, their RDIs should be established based on their relative activities. MK-7 increases bone mineral density and promotes bone quality and strength. Collagen production, and thus, bone quality may be affected by MK-7 or MK-4 converted from MK-7. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the various properties of MK-7.
维生素 K 作为一种辅助因子，是维生素 K 依赖蛋白（VKDP）翻译后γ-羧化所必需的。目前，大多数国家的维生素 K 每日推荐摄入量（RDI）是基于正常凝血需求来确定的。研究表明，维生素 K1 和甲萘醌（MK）-4 在 RDI 水平下可降低骨钙素（OC）的γ-羧化。在几种维生素 K 同系物中，只有 MK-7（维生素 K2）能够以接近 RDI 的营养剂量促进肝外 VKDP、OC 和基质 Gla 蛋白的γ-羧化。MK-7 的生物利用度和半衰期均高于其他维生素 K 同系物，因此具有更高的功效。由于维生素 K1、MK-4 和 MK-7 具有不同的生物活性，它们的 RDI 应根据其相对活性来确定。MK-7 可增加骨密度，促进骨质量和强度。胶原蛋白的产生，从而影响骨质量可能受到 MK-7 或 MK-4 转化而来的 MK-7 的影响。在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了 MK-7 的各种特性。
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