Qian Ciying, Liu Xinlin, Xu Qin, Wang Zhiping, Chen Jie, Li Tingting, Zheng Qingbing, Yu Hai, Gu Ying, Li Shaowei, Xia Ningshao
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Mar 20;8(1):139. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010139.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multimeric nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins of a virus in the absence of genetic material. Having similar morphology to natural viruses but lacking any pathogenicity or infectivity, VLPs have gradually become a safe substitute for inactivated or attenuated vaccines. VLPs can achieve tissue-specific targeting and complete and effective cell penetration. With highly ordered epitope repeats, VLPs have excellent immunogenicity and can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, as a type of nanocarrier, VLPs can be used to display antigenic epitopes or deliver small molecules. VLPs have thus become powerful tools for vaccinology and biomedical research. This review highlights the versatility of VLPs in antigen presentation, drug delivery, and vaccine technology.
病毒样颗粒（VLPs）是由病毒的一种或多种结构蛋白在没有遗传物质的情况下组成的多聚体纳米结构。VLPs与天然病毒具有相似的形态，但缺乏任何致病性或感染性，已逐渐成为灭活疫苗或减毒疫苗的安全替代品。VLPs可以实现组织特异性靶向以及完整且有效的细胞穿透。由于具有高度有序的表位重复序列，VLPs具有出色的免疫原性，可诱导强烈的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。此外，作为一种纳米载体，VLPs可用于展示抗原表位或递送小分子。因此，VLPs已成为疫苗学和生物医学研究的有力工具。本综述重点介绍了VLPs在抗原呈递、药物递送和疫苗技术方面的多功能性。
