Olson William J, Jakic Bojana, Hermann-Kleiter Natascha
Translational Cell Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
FEBS J. 2020 Jul;287(14):2866-2890. doi: 10.1111/febs.15312. Epub 2020 Apr 19.
The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from infectious diseases and cancer. Notably, B and T lymphocytes from the adaptive arm of the immune system can co-operate to form long-lived antibody responses and are therefore the main target in vaccination approaches. Nevertheless, protective immune responses must be tightly regulated to avoid hyper-responsiveness and responses against self that can result in autoimmunity. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are perfectly adapted to rapidly alter transcriptional cellular responses to altered environmental settings. Their functional role is associated with both immune deficiencies and autoimmunity. Despite extensive linking of nuclear receptor function with specific CD4 T helper subsets, research on the functional roles and mechanisms of specific NRs in CD4 follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) B cells during the germinal center reaction is just emerging. We review recent advances in our understanding of NR regulation in specific cell types of the GC response and discuss their implications for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
免疫系统在保护宿主免受传染病和癌症侵害方面发挥着至关重要的作用。值得注意的是，免疫系统适应性分支中的B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞可以协同作用，形成持久的抗体反应，因此是疫苗接种方法的主要靶点。然而，保护性免疫反应必须受到严格调节，以避免过度反应和针对自身的反应，否则可能导致自身免疫。核受体（NRs）非常适合快速改变细胞对环境变化的转录反应。它们的功能作用与免疫缺陷和自身免疫都有关。尽管核受体功能与特定的CD4 T辅助亚群有广泛联系，但关于特定核受体在生发中心反应期间在CD4滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh）和生发中心（GC）B细胞中的功能作用和机制的研究才刚刚兴起。我们综述了我们对生发中心反应特定细胞类型中核受体调节的最新认识进展，并讨论了它们对系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）等自身免疫性疾病的影响。
