Petersson Per, Kühn Andrea A, Neumann Wolf-Julian, Fuentes Romulo
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Prog Brain Res. 2020;252:525-557. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.002. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Oscillations are a naturally occurring phenomenon in highly interconnected dynamical systems. However, it is thought that excessive synchronized oscillations in brain circuits can be detrimental for many brain functions by disrupting neuronal information processing. Because synchronized basal ganglia oscillations are a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), it has been suggested that aberrant rhythmic activity associated with symptoms of the disease could be used as a physiological biomarker to guide pharmacological and electrical neuromodulatory interventions. We here briefly review the various manifestations of basal ganglia oscillations observed in human subjects and in animal models of PD. In this context, we also review the evidence supporting a pathophysiological role of different oscillations for the suppression of voluntary movements as well as for the induction of excessive motor activity. In light of these findings, it is discussed how oscillations could be used to guide a more precise targeting of dysfunctional circuits to obtain improved symptomatic treatment of PD.
振荡是高度互联的动态系统中自然发生的现象。然而，人们认为脑回路中过度的同步振荡会通过干扰神经元信息处理对许多脑功能产生不利影响。由于基底神经节同步振荡是帕金森病（PD）的一个标志，因此有人提出与该疾病症状相关的异常节律活动可作为一种生理生物标志物，以指导药物和电神经调节干预。我们在此简要回顾在人类受试者和PD动物模型中观察到的基底神经节振荡的各种表现。在此背景下，我们还回顾了支持不同振荡对抑制自主运动以及诱导过度运动活动具有病理生理作用的证据。鉴于这些发现，讨论了振荡如何可用于指导更精确地靶向功能失调的回路，以改善PD的症状治疗。
