Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
Radiol Med. 2020 Sep;125(9):801-815. doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01185-z. Epub 2020 Apr 5.
Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. These lesions are typically asymptomatic, solitary and almost always discovered incidentally, and in recent years with advances in imaging technology these lesions are being detected more frequently. Although, in majority of the cases, the imaging diagnosis of a liver hemangioma is clearly and confidently established, not all hemangiomas present with their characteristic or typical appearance on imaging. Occasionally, these lesions do present with an atypical pattern, and can be confused with other malignant lesions such as hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and angiosarcoma. In this article, we review with illustrations the diverse imaging appearances of hemangiomas on the commonly used imaging modalities, as well as provide a gamut of common and uncommonly encountered hemangioma mimickers. Knowledge of the various atypical avatars of this benign lesion is important and can help one circumvent diagnostic errors, thereby potentially avoiding unnecessary surgeries.
肝血管瘤是肝脏最常见的良性肿瘤。这些病变通常无症状、单发,几乎总是偶然发现的,近年来随着影像学技术的进步,这些病变的检出率越来越高。尽管大多数情况下,肝脏血管瘤的影像学诊断是明确和有信心的,但并非所有的血管瘤在影像学上都具有其特征性或典型表现。偶尔,这些病变会呈现出非典型模式,可能与其他恶性病变混淆,如肝细胞癌、肝内胆管细胞癌、混合性肝细胞-胆管细胞癌和血管肉瘤。本文通过图片回顾了常用影像学方法上血管瘤的多种影像学表现,并提供了一系列常见和不常见的血管瘤模拟病变。了解这种良性病变的各种非典型表现形式很重要,有助于避免诊断错误,从而可能避免不必要的手术。