School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(17):2057-2071. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200406084900.
The innate abilities of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as multi-drug resistance, drug efflux, quiescence and ionizing radiation tolerance, protect them from most traditional chemotherapeutics. As a result, this small subpopulation of persistent cells leads to more aggressive and chemoresistant cancers, causing tumour relapse and metastasis. This subpopulation is differentiated from the bulk tumour population through a wide variety of surface markers expressed on the cell surface. Recent developments in nanomedicine and targeting delivery methods have given rise to new possibilities for specifically targeting these markers and preferentially eliminating CSCs. Herein, we first summarize the range of surface markers identifying CSC populations in a variety of cancers; then, we discuss recent attempts to actively target CSCs and their niches using liposomal, nanoparticle, carbon nanotube and viral formulations.
癌症干细胞（CSC）具有多种先天能力，如多药耐药性、药物外排、静止和耐电离辐射等，使其能够免受大多数传统化疗药物的杀伤。结果，这群少量持续存在的细胞导致肿瘤更具侵袭性和化疗耐药性，引发肿瘤复发和转移。这群细胞通过在细胞表面表达的各种表面标志物从大量肿瘤细胞中分化出来。最近纳米医学和靶向递药方法的发展为专门针对这些标志物并优先消除 CSC 提供了新的可能性。在此，我们首先总结了各种癌症中用于鉴定 CSC 群体的一系列表面标志物；然后，我们讨论了最近使用脂质体、纳米颗粒、碳纳米管和病毒制剂主动靶向 CSC 及其微环境的尝试。
