Department of Food Technology (ASPA group), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46,022, València, Spain; Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
Department of Food Technology (ASPA group), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46,022, València, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 15;262:110325. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110325. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Environmental studies into wine from different protected designations of origin (PDO) highlight farming and packaging stages as those contributing the most to the total environmental impacts of this product. However, farming impact, not only depends on the agricultural practices but also on data quality and modelling complexity. By using the life cycle assessment methodology, a twofold goal is aimed. Firstly, to analyse the environmental profile of the most widespread viticultural practices in the Utiel-Requena PDO (Spain). The second aim is to evaluate the differences between the environmental impacts estimated by means of modelling approaches using generic information (Baseline modelling) versus those using site-specific information (Alternative modelling). As regards the agricultural practices and grape cultivars, eight systems were defined and assessed per kg of grape at the farm gate. The differences between farming systems and modelling approaches were statistically assessed. The results show that, regardless of the grape cultivar, organic systems are more environmentally friendly than the conventional ones (on average, the greatest differences occur in the ionizing radiation, marine eutrophication and land use, being the values for organic vineyards 1678%, 648% and 171% lower than those of the conventional ones, respectively), the results for the Bobal cultivar being better than those for the Tempranillo because of the higher yield (differences in yield around 1.500 kg ha). The use of site-specific modelling approaches guarantees the precision of the analysis; however, for some impact categories, namely climate change, fine particulate matter formation, marine eutrophication and terrestrial acidification, the possibility of using general methodologies is open; in this way, the modelling efforts can be minimised, and the results would be consistent with those of more specific methodologies. The results also underline the need for a consensus within LCA practitioners on which methodologies to use in order to estimate on-field emissions taking into account both complexity reduction and accuracy improvement.
对不同原产地保护名称（PDO）葡萄酒的环境研究强调了种植和包装阶段是对该产品总环境影响贡献最大的阶段。然而，农业影响不仅取决于农业实践，还取决于数据质量和建模复杂性。通过使用生命周期评估方法，旨在实现两个目标。首先，分析西班牙乌迭尔-雷格纳 PDO（西班牙）最广泛的葡萄栽培实践的环境概况。其次，评估通过使用通用信息（基准建模）和使用特定于站点的信息（替代建模）建模方法估计的环境影响之间的差异。关于农业实践和葡萄品种，每公斤葡萄在农场门口定义和评估了八种系统。统计评估了农业系统和建模方法之间的差异。结果表明，无论葡萄品种如何，有机系统都比传统系统更环保（平均而言，最大的差异出现在电离辐射、海洋富营养化和土地利用方面，有机葡萄园的值分别比传统葡萄园低 1678%、648%和 171%），因为产量较高（产量差异约为 1500 公斤/公顷），博巴尔品种的结果优于丹魄品种。使用特定于站点的建模方法可以保证分析的精度；然而，对于某些影响类别，如气候变化、细颗粒物形成、海洋富营养化和陆地酸化，使用通用方法是可行的；这样，可以最小化建模工作，并且结果将与更具体的方法的结果一致。结果还强调了生命周期评估从业者需要就用于估计现场排放的方法达成共识，既要考虑到复杂性降低，又要考虑到准确性提高。
