Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), CNPq Scientific Productivity Fellowship, Pernambuco Street, 1777 - Centro, Marechal Cândido Rondon, State of Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ing. Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Macul, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 15;262:110342. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110342. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
The search for vegetal species regarding effectiveness in the phytoremediation of soils is of great importance, mainly in function of the great environmental problems, such as soil contamination with heavy metals, the necessity of producing more food, among others that mankind face today. This work aimed (i) to evaluate phytoremediation capacity of Crambe abyssinica Hochst and its growth in soil artificially contaminated with Cd and Pb, and (ii) to evaluate the possible impacts of crambe cultivation in contaminated soil conditions, in order to evaluate, to test, and to question the Brazilian CONAMA 420, providing important information that can be useful for governmental and environmental purposes. Two simultaneous experiments were developed, one for each metal. The soils were contaminated with salts of CdCl and PbClHO in five doses based on the investigation values (IV) of CONAMA Resolution 420, resulting in 0; 1.5; 3; 9 and 30 mg kg for Cd and 33; 90; 180; 540 and 1800 mg kg for Pb. Gaseous exchange, development, nutritional composition and production of plant components, as well as phytoavailability of metals, were evaluated. The contamination with metals reduced photosynthesis, increased breathing as well as leading to a negative effect on the mineral nutrition and productivity in general; Plants cultivated in soil with Cd presented higher phytoavailability when compared to those cultivated in the Pb conditions, being found metals in all parts of the crambe plants from 1.5 mg kg of Cd in the soil; and Pb was retained only in roots, not being translocated in the plant. Cd showed higher phytoavailability, being found in all parts of the plant and Pb was retained only in the roots. Cd showed a higher phytoavailability when compared to Pb, also being found in all parts of crambe plants from dose 1.5 mg kg-1 of Cd in soil, which is an environmental problem, since in these concentrations the cultivation of crops is allowed by Brazilian legislation CONAMA 420.
寻找在土壤植物修复方面具有有效性的植物物种非常重要，这主要是因为当今人类面临着诸如土壤重金属污染、需要生产更多粮食等重大环境问题。本研究旨在：(i) 评估埃塞俄比亚荠（Crambe abyssinica Hochst）对 Cd 和 Pb 人工污染土壤的植物修复能力及其在污染土壤中的生长情况；(ii) 评估在污染土壤条件下种植荠可能产生的影响，以便对巴西 CONAMA 420 进行评估、测试和质疑，提供对政府和环境有帮助的有用信息。进行了两个同时进行的实验，每个实验用于一种金属。土壤用 CdCl 和 PbClHO 的盐类按 CONAMA 420 决议的调查值 (IV) 进行了五种剂量的污染，结果为 Cd 为 0；1.5；3；9 和 30 mg kg，Pb 为 33；90；180；540 和 1800 mg kg。评估了气体交换、生长发育、营养成分和植物组成的产量以及金属的植物可利用性。金属污染降低了光合作用，增加了呼吸作用，并对矿质营养和总体生产力产生负面影响；与在 Pb 条件下相比，在 Cd 污染土壤中种植的植物具有更高的金属植物可利用性，在土壤中 Cd 浓度为 1.5 mg kg 时，在荠的所有部位都发现了金属；而 Pb 仅保留在根部，未在植物中转移。Cd 表现出更高的植物可利用性，在植物的所有部位都有发现，而 Pb 仅保留在根部。与 Pb 相比，Cd 具有更高的植物可利用性，在土壤中 Cd 浓度为 1.5 mg kg 时，在荠的所有部位都有发现，这是一个环境问题，因为在这些浓度下，巴西 CONAMA 420 法规允许种植作物。
