Mousa Shimaa Abdelazeem, Takeda Kenichi, Kurosu Kazuhiro, Uyeno Yutaka
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 3994511, Japan.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr 2;10(4):612. doi: 10.3390/ani10040612.
Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis ( = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled ( = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups ( < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production ( > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet ( = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups ( < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups ( > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group ( = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.
柿皮（PS）虽然是一种有吸引力的饲料来源，但需要适当的保存程序来延长其保质期。我们评估了用不同干吸收剂青贮的柿皮青贮饲料的发酵质量、体外瘤胃培养和采食量。我们在台秤上制备青贮饲料（实验1），并评估了五种不同的混合物：不加添加剂的PS、PS加接种物（LB），以及PS加LB加牛皮纸浆、麦麸或甜菜浆中的每种吸收剂。我们打开在25℃下保存的实验室袋子，在0、14、28和60天时进行发酵质量和化学分析（每次测量 = 3）。此外，通过体外瘤胃模拟培养研究（实验2），我们评估了未发酵（未青贮）或青贮的（每种处理 = 4）含有两种吸收剂（牛皮纸浆和麦麸）混合物的PS的发酵模式。最后，我们进行了一项体内实验，使用六只干奶母羊，根据体重将它们分配到两个实验组，采用两期交叉设计（实验3）。我们给对照组喂食100%基础日粮（高羊茅干草和浓缩混合物），给青贮PS（PSS）组喂食以牛皮纸浆作为唯一吸收剂与PS青贮混合替代20%干物质的高羊茅。实验1的结果表明，无论使用何种吸收剂，吸收剂处理组实验室袋子的流出物量较低（<0.001）。在实验2中，添加吸收剂的PS（未发酵或青贮）的状况不影响总产气量（>0.05），但我们观察到与基础日粮相比，添加吸收剂的PSS中丙酸比例增加（ = 0.019）。与其他组相比，PSS组中甲烷占总气体的比例显著降低（<0.001）。由于我们仅进行了一次该培养研究，未来更详细的评估将验证这些观察结果。在动物试验（实验3）中，各组之间的干物质采食量相似（>0.05），但在PSS喂养组中母羊进食时间较短（ = 0.011）。在此，我们展示了PSS作为反刍动物饲料一部分的实际用途，其中干吸收剂可防止干物质损失。
