Mountainous Grazing Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Miyota, Japan.
Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Japan.
Anim Sci J. 2019 Dec;90(12):1537-1543. doi: 10.1111/asj.13299. Epub 2019 Oct 8.
We conducted two feeding experiments to evaluate the effects of supplementation with either cellooligosaccharide or kraft pulp on growth performance in grazing beef calves (Japanese Black) from 4 weeks pre-weaning to 12 to 16 weeks post-weaning. In Experiment 1 (20-week duration), nine calves (2.9-month-old females) were assigned to either a control group (CON) or an experimental group (CEL) fed cellooligosaccharide at a rate of 10 g/day mixed with concentrate. Average daily weight gain tended to be greater in CEL than in CON, especially after 1 month of weaning. In Experiment 2 (16-week duration), 10 calves (2.0-month-old females) were assigned to either a control group or an experimental group (KRA) fed kraft pulp at a rate of 10% replacement of total digestible nutrients with concentrate. The proportion of fibrolytic bacteria increased and that of methanogenic Archaea decreased in the rumen microbial community composition of KRA calves in Experiment 2, whereas the decrease in Fibrobacter and Archaea was observed in CEL calves at first 4 weeks in Experiment 1. We conclude that beta-glucan prebiotic supplementation to grazing calves at pre-weaning would affect rumen microbial composition and modified rumen fermentation characteristics, leading to a better rumen environment via different means.
我们进行了两项饲养实验，以评估在从断奶前 4 周至断奶后 12 至 16 周期间，向放牧肉牛（日本黑牛）补充纤维二糖或硫酸盐浆粕对生长性能的影响。在实验 1（20 周）中，将 9 头犊牛（2.9 月龄雌性）分配到对照组（CON）或实验组（CEL），CEL 组用 10 g/天的纤维二糖与精料混合喂养。CEL 组的平均日增重趋势大于 CON 组，特别是在断奶后 1 个月。在实验 2（16 周）中，将 10 头犊牛（2.0 月龄雌性）分配到对照组或实验组（KRA），KRA 组用硫酸盐浆粕以替代精料中 10%的总可消化养分的方式喂养。在实验 2 中，KRA 犊牛的瘤胃微生物群落组成中纤维分解菌的比例增加，产甲烷古菌的比例降低，而在实验 1 的前 4 周，CEL 犊牛的纤维分解菌和古菌减少。我们得出结论，在断奶前向放牧犊牛补充β-葡聚糖益生元会影响瘤胃微生物组成，并通过不同方式改变瘤胃发酵特性，从而改善瘤胃环境。
