Izquierdo O A, Wedekind K J, Baker D H
University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
J Anim Sci. 1988 Nov;66(11):2886-92. doi: 10.2527/jas1988.66112886x.
A histidine (HIS)-deficient, feather meal-corn-dried whey basal diet (19% protein and 3,200 Kcal ME/kg), supplemented with lysine, methionine and tryptophan, was employed to determine the HIS requirement of the growing pig between 10 and 20 kg live weight. Using a chick bioavailability growth assay, the HIS-deficient basal diet was found to contain .19% bioavailable HIS. A preliminary pig study established that the HIS-deficient basal diet was capable of supporting good growth of pigs when supplemented with sufficient L-HIS.HCl.H2O. In the second pig experiment, crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 10 kg were kept in individual metabolism crates and were fed to appetite in two feedings the HIS-deficient basal diet supplemented with 0, .06, .12 or .18% L-HIS. Rate and efficiency of weight gain increased linearly between 0 and .12% supplemental HIS, but the highest supplemental level of HIS did not improve performance further. Plasma HIS increased, whereas plasma urea-N remained unchanged, as the level of dietary HIS increased. The third pig experiment employed narrower increments of .06, .09 or .12% supplemental HIS, and a linear response in both gain and feed efficiency occurred. Viewing all experiments together, the bioavailable HIS requirement of the 10- to 20-kg pig was .31% of the diet. Assuming an 85% bioavailability of HIS in commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal, the total HIS level needed in practice would be .36%.
使用一种缺乏组氨酸（HIS）、以羽毛粉 - 玉米 - 干乳清为基础的日粮（蛋白质含量19%，代谢能3200千卡/千克），补充赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和色氨酸，来确定体重在10至20千克的生长猪对组氨酸的需求量。通过雏鸡生物利用率生长试验，发现这种缺乏组氨酸的基础日粮含有0.19%的可利用组氨酸。一项初步的猪试验表明，当补充足够的L - HIS·HCl·H₂O时，这种缺乏组氨酸的基础日粮能够支持猪的良好生长。在第二项猪试验中，平均初始体重为10千克的杂交猪被饲养在个体代谢笼中，每天分两次喂食添加了0、0.06%、0.12%或0.18% L - HIS的缺乏组氨酸的基础日粮。在补充组氨酸水平为0至0.12%之间，体重增加的速度和效率呈线性增加，但最高补充水平的组氨酸并未进一步改善生长性能。随着日粮组氨酸水平的增加，血浆组氨酸增加，而血浆尿素氮保持不变。第三项猪试验采用了更窄的补充组氨酸增量，即0.06%、0.09%或0.12%，生长和饲料效率均出现线性反应。综合所有试验来看，体重10至20千克的猪对可利用组氨酸的需求量为日粮的0.31%。假设基于玉米和豆粕的商品日粮中组氨酸的生物利用率为85%，那么实际所需的总组氨酸水平将为0.36%。
