Directing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by cell-secreted decellularized extracellular matrixes from different cell types.

Cell-secreted decellularized extracellular matrixes (D-ECM) are promising for conferring bioactivity and directing cell fate to facilitate tissue regeneration. A cell sheet is a good shape for obtaining D-ECM after decellularization. In this study, cell sheets derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), MC3T3 osteoblasts, and L929 fibroblasts were decellularized, the three types of D-ECMs obtained were investigated for their capabilities in inducing osteogenic differentiation of re-seeded BMSCs. The D-ECMs were found to be rich in collagen and glycosaminoglycan, at the same time, showing the presence of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein. These all supported the proliferation of BMSCs well, however, they influenced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs to different extents. The D-ECM prepared from the BMSC sheet was found to promote the osteogenic differentiation of re-seeded BMSCs the most in vitro, as well as displaying the potential to induce ectopic osteogenesis when being subcutaneously implanted. The results suggested that D-ECMs would be promising for bone tissue engineering applications, however, they favored osteogenesis to different extents, which was closely related to the cell types.