Vaishya Raju, Vaish Abhishek
Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076 India.
Indian J Orthop. 2020 Jan 24;54(1):69-74. doi: 10.1007/s43465-019-00037-x. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Falls in older adults are a reasonably common occurrence and about 10% of these experience multiple falls annually. These falls may be serious and may cause significant morbidity and mortality. These can also threaten the independence of older people and may be responsible for an individual's loss of independence and socioeconomic consequences. These falls may add extra burden to the health care and to direct and indirect costs.
An extensive search of literature was done on the important data bases of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar on this topic and all the useful information was derived from the relevant articles for this review.
We found that the falls in older individuals are often multi factorial and hence a multidisciplinary approach is required to prevent and manage these falls. The risk factors leading to the falls could be divided into extrinsic, intrinsic and situational factors. The commonest and serious injuries are to the head and fractures, due to fragility of bones.
The falls in elderly are on rise and taking the shape of an epidemic. Prevention of these falls is far better than the management. Safe living environment of the elderly people helps in prevention of these falls. The management of the falls should focus on the causative factors, apart from treating the injuries caused by the falls.
老年人跌倒相当常见，其中约10%的人每年会多次跌倒。这些跌倒可能很严重，会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。它们还可能威胁老年人的独立性，可能导致个人失去独立性以及产生社会经济后果。这些跌倒可能给医疗保健以及直接和间接成本增加额外负担。
在PubMed、SCOPUS和谷歌学术等重要数据库中对该主题进行了广泛的文献检索，所有有用信息均来自本次综述的相关文章。
我们发现老年人跌倒往往是多因素的，因此需要采用多学科方法来预防和管理这些跌倒。导致跌倒的风险因素可分为外在因素、内在因素和情境因素。最常见且严重的损伤是头部损伤和骨折，这是由于骨骼脆弱所致。
老年人跌倒的情况正在增加，并呈流行之势。预防这些跌倒远比处理要好。老年人的安全生活环境有助于预防这些跌倒。除了治疗跌倒造成的损伤外，跌倒的管理应侧重于致病因素。
