Nazari Shima, Afshar Pouya Farokhnezhad, Sadeghmoghadam Leila, Shabestari Alireza Namazi, Farhadi Akram
Department of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Gerontology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AIMS Public Health. 2020 Feb 6;7(1):66-80. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020007. eCollection 2020.
Social support has an important impact on the well-being of the elderly. Some studies have shown that perceived social support is more important than received social support. Perceived social support has different definitions across different age groups and cultures. So, this sequential exploratory mixed-method study was designed to develop and validate a perceived social support scale for community-dwelling elderly. In the qualitative phase, the perspectives of the elderly on perceived social support were defined through directed content analysis. Then, an extensive item pool was designed based on the elderly's perception and review of the literature. In the quantitative phase, the validity (content, face, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency, stability) of the newly developed scale was assessed using the sampling of five hundred elderly. The final scale consists of 34 items with domains of "emotional support", "practical support", "spiritual support", "negative interactions" and "satisfaction with support received" that explained 58% of the total variance of the scale. The internal consistency varied from Cronbach's α = 0.70 to 0.87 for the subscales and as 0.92 for the whole scale. The study showed that the scale as a valid and reliable instrument can be used for the proper measurement of perceived social support among the elderly.
社会支持对老年人的幸福感有重要影响。一些研究表明，感知到的社会支持比实际获得的社会支持更重要。在不同年龄组和文化中，感知到的社会支持有不同的定义。因此，本项序列探索性混合方法研究旨在开发并验证一个针对社区居住老年人的感知社会支持量表。在定性阶段，通过定向内容分析确定老年人对感知社会支持的看法。然后，基于老年人的认知和文献综述设计了一个广泛的项目池。在定量阶段，使用五百名老年人的样本对新开发量表的效度（内容效度、表面效度和结构效度）和信度（内部一致性、稳定性）进行评估。最终量表由34个项目组成，涵盖“情感支持”、“实际支持”、“精神支持”、“负面互动”和“对获得支持的满意度”等领域，解释了量表总方差的58%。各分量表的内部一致性系数（Cronbach's α）在0.70至0.87之间，总量表为0.92。该研究表明，该量表作为一种有效且可靠的工具，可用于恰当测量老年人感知到的社会支持。
