Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2020 Aug;59(8):472-483. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22847. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive disease that predominantly afflicts individuals of African or Mediterranean descent with sickle cell trait. RMC comprises 1% of all renal cell carcinoma diagnoses with a median overall survival of 13 months. Patients are typically young (median age-22) and male (male:female ratio of 2:1) and tumors are characterized by complete loss of expression of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor protein. Due to the low incidence of RMC and the disease's aggressiveness, treatment decisions are often based on case reports. Thus, it is critical to develop preclinical models of RMC to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and to identify effective forms of therapy. Two novel cell line models, UOK353 and UOK360, were derived from primary RMCs that both demonstrated the characteristic SMARCB1 loss. Both cell lines overexpressed EZH2 and other members of the polycomb repressive complex and EZH2 inhibition in RMC tumor spheroids resulted in decreased viability. High throughput drug screening of both cell lines revealed several additional candidate compounds, including bortezomib that had both in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. The activity of bortezomib was shown to be partially dependent on increased oxidative stress as addition of the N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant reduced the effect on cell proliferation. Combining bortezomib and cisplatin further decreased cell viability both in vitro and in vivo that single agent bortezomib treatment. The UOK353 and UOK360 cell lines represent novel preclinical models for the development of effective forms of therapy for RMC patients.
肾髓质癌(RMC)是一种罕见的侵袭性疾病,主要影响具有镰状细胞特征的非洲或地中海血统的个体。RMC 占所有肾细胞癌诊断的 1%,总体中位生存期为 13 个月。患者通常年轻(中位年龄为 22 岁)且为男性(男女比例为 2:1),肿瘤的特征是完全丧失 SMARCB1 肿瘤抑制蛋白的表达。由于 RMC 的发病率低且疾病侵袭性强,治疗决策通常基于病例报告。因此,开发 RMC 的临床前模型对于更好地了解该疾病的发病机制并确定有效的治疗方法至关重要。两种新型细胞系模型 UOK353 和 UOK360 源自原发性 RMC,均表现出特征性的 SMARCB1 缺失。两种细胞系均过度表达 EZH2 和多梳抑制复合物的其他成员,EZH2 抑制在 RMC 肿瘤球体中导致活力降低。对两种细胞系的高通量药物筛选发现了几种其他候选化合物,包括硼替佐米,它具有体外和体内抗肿瘤活性。硼替佐米的活性部分依赖于增加的氧化应激,因为添加 N-乙酰半胱氨酸抗氧化剂可降低对细胞增殖的影响。硼替佐米和顺铂联合使用进一步降低了细胞活力,无论是在体外还是体内,都比单独使用硼替佐米治疗效果更好。UOK353 和 UOK360 细胞系代表了开发 RMC 患者有效治疗方法的新型临床前模型。
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