Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1 Jalan Panchor, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109452. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109452. Epub 2020 Apr 2.
A synergistic effect of the activated limestone-based catalyst (LBC) and microwave irradiation on the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) was screened using a two-level factorial design and response surface methodology. The catalyst was prepared using a wet-impregnation method and was characterised for its surface element, surface morphology, surface area and porosity. The reaction was performed in a purpose-built continuous microwave assisted reactor (CMAR), while the conversion and yield of biodiesel were measured using a gas chromatography. The results showed that the catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio and the reaction time significantly affect the WCO conversion. The optimum conversion of oil to biodiesel up to 96.65% was achieved at catalyst loading of 5.47 wt%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12.21:1 and the reaction time of 55.26 min. The application of CMAR in this work reduced the transesterification time by about 77% compared to the reaction time needed for a conventional reactor. The biodiesel produced in this work met the specification of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751). Engine test results shows the biodiesel has a lower NOx and particulate matters emissions compared to petrodiesel.
采用两水平析因设计和响应面法筛选了基于活性石灰石的催化剂（LBC）和微波辐射对废食用油（WCO）酯交换的协同作用。催化剂采用湿法浸渍法制备，并对其表面元素、表面形貌、比表面积和孔隙率进行了表征。反应在专用的连续微波辅助反应器（CMAR）中进行，而生物柴油的转化率和产率则使用气相色谱法进行测量。结果表明，催化剂负载量、甲醇与油的摩尔比和反应时间对 WCO 的转化率有显著影响。在催化剂负载量为 5.47wt%、甲醇与油的摩尔比为 12.21:1 和反应时间为 55.26min 的条件下，油转化为生物柴油的最佳转化率可达 96.65%。与传统反应器所需的反应时间相比，CMAR 在这项工作中的应用将酯交换时间缩短了约 77%。本工作中生产的生物柴油符合美国测试与材料协会（ASTM D6751）的规格。发动机试验结果表明，与石油柴油相比，生物柴油的氮氧化物和颗粒物排放较低。
