Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J, Zawieja Bogna, Olejniczak Izabella, Skubała Piotr, Gdula Anna K, Coulson Stephen J
Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
Insects. 2020 Apr 5;11(4):226. doi: 10.3390/insects11040226.
This study was carried out at Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen in Svalbard (High Arctic). Eight study sites were established along a transect from the fjord to the snout of the glacier. The sites differed from each other by the type of vegetation cover and soil characteristics. Soil samples were collected and placed in Tullgren funnels. Extracted arthropods were represented by two groups of mites (Mesostigmata and Oribatida) and springtails (Collembola). The pioneer species that occurred first after retreat of the glacier were representatives of the Collembola ( and ). Later, other springtails appeared including , , , , and the first species of oribatid mites; and . Arthropod communities recorded along the transect were characterized by large variations in both species composition and abundance of individuals. The greater the distance from the glacier snout, the greater the species richness (2 to 22 species). The mean number of species per sample was the lowest at site 8 (1 ± 0.71) (the closest to the glacier) and greatest at site 1 (14 ± 1.41) (furthest from the glacier). The Simpson's diversity index (D) was distinctly greater at sites 1 (4.61 ± 0.06) and 3 (3.94 ± 0.11) than at other sites, especially site 8 (1.07 ± 0.06). Densities were least in the samples closest to the glacier (30 to 101 individuals; density 3000-10,100 individuals/m2). At the other locations, abundance was highly variable (905 to 7432 individuals; density 90,500-743,200 individuals/m2). The mean abundances were greatest at sites 2 and 3. The great variations in total abundances observed were often due to the presence or absence of one or more dominant species exhibiting extreme abundance variability between sites. The microarthropod community of the High Arctic is composed of heterogeneous circumpolar species, yet on a landscape scale is extremely dependent on local environmental conditions which may be subject to rapid change.
本研究在斯瓦尔巴群岛（北极地区）斯匹次卑尔根岛的新奥尔松开展。沿着一条从峡湾到冰川前端的样带设立了8个研究地点。这些地点在植被覆盖类型和土壤特征方面彼此不同。采集土壤样本并置于杜尔格伦漏斗中。采集到的节肢动物包括两类螨（中气门螨类和甲螨类）和弹尾虫（跳虫）。冰川消退后最早出现的先锋物种是弹尾虫（ 和 ）。后来，出现了其他弹尾虫，包括 、 、 、 和 以及第一种甲螨类螨； 和 。沿着样带记录的节肢动物群落的特点是物种组成和个体数量都有很大变化。离冰川前端越远，物种丰富度越高（2至22种）。每个样本的平均物种数在地点8（1 ± 0.71）（最靠近冰川）最低，在地点1（14 ± 1.41）（离冰川最远）最高。辛普森多样性指数（D）在地点1（4.61 ± 0.06）和地点3（3.94 ± 0.11）明显高于其他地点，尤其是地点8（1.07 ± 0.06）。密度在最靠近冰川的样本中最小（30至101个个体；密度3000 - 10100个个体/平方米）。在其他地点，丰度变化很大（905至7432个个体；密度90500 - 743200个个体/平方米）。平均丰度在地点2和地点3最大。观察到的总丰度的巨大变化通常是由于一个或多个优势物种的存在与否，这些物种在不同地点的丰度变化极大。北极地区的微型节肢动物群落由不同的环极地物种组成，但在景观尺度上极其依赖当地环境条件，而这些条件可能会迅速变化。
