Miller T P, Taylor J L, Tinklenberg J R
Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Psychophysiology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif.
Neuropsychobiology. 1988;19(2):90-6. doi: 10.1159/000118441.
In two studies, we studied the comparative sensitivity of different subjective and objective measures to methylphenidate (10 and 20 mg) and secobarbital (100 mg) versus placebo, and diphenhydramine (50 mg) and diazepam (10 and 20 mg) versus placebo in abstinent alcoholics. Subjective measures used were the Visual Analog Mood Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Objective measures were the Stroop and two microcomputer-controlled tasks developed in our lab - a dual pursuit tracking/reaction time task (P-Trak) and a reaction time task with regular and irregular preparatory intervals (PI) of varying length (Reactest). In addition, several baseline measures (Eysenck Personality Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and NIMH Mood Scale Elderly) were evaluated for their correlation to drug response. All three central nervous system depressants impaired performance on Reactest at the longer PIs and showed a main effect with irregular PIs, but only the 20-mg dose of diazepam impaired reaction time at the shortest PI and showed a main effect with regular PIs. On P-Trak, secobarbital and diazepam 20 mg impaired both tracking and reaction time, while methylphenidate 20 mg improved only the reaction time component. Only diazepam 20 mg affected mood. No effects were noted on the Stroop. The implications of these findings are discussed. Both P-Trak and Reactest with long PIs were more sensitive than VAMS, POMS or Stroop to drug effects. As lower doses of central nervous system depressants impaired reaction time only with longer PIs and showed a main effect only with irregular PIs, cognitive effects of these drugs may be missed if only subjective or short, regular PI tasks are examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在两项研究中，我们研究了不同主观和客观测量方法对戒酒者使用哌醋甲酯（10毫克和20毫克）、速可巴比妥（100毫克）与安慰剂，以及苯海拉明（50毫克）、地西泮（10毫克和20毫克）与安慰剂的比较敏感性。使用的主观测量方法是视觉模拟情绪量表和情绪状态剖面图。客观测量方法是斯特鲁普测验以及我们实验室开发的两项微机控制任务——双追踪跟踪/反应时间任务（P-Trak）和具有不同长度的规则和不规则预备间隔（PI）的反应时间任务（Reactest）。此外，还评估了几种基线测量方法（艾森克人格问卷、斯皮尔伯格状态-特质焦虑量表和美国国立精神卫生研究所老年人情绪量表）与药物反应的相关性。所有三种中枢神经系统抑制剂在较长的PI时均会损害Reactest任务的表现，并且在不规则PI时显示出主要效应，但只有20毫克剂量的地西泮在最短的PI时会损害反应时间，并且在规则PI时显示出主要效应。在P-Trak任务中，速可巴比妥和20毫克地西泮会损害追踪和反应时间，而20毫克哌醋甲酯仅改善反应时间部分。只有20毫克地西泮会影响情绪。未观察到对斯特鲁普测验有影响。讨论了这些发现的意义。与视觉模拟情绪量表、情绪状态剖面图或斯特鲁普测验相比，P-Trak任务和具有较长PI的Reactest任务对药物效应更敏感。由于较低剂量的中枢神经系统抑制剂仅在较长的PI时会损害反应时间，并且仅在不规则PI时显示出主要效应，因此如果仅检查主观或短的、规则PI任务，可能会遗漏这些药物的认知效应。（摘要截短至250字）
