Reaching around obstacles accounts for uncertainty in coordinate transformations.

When reaching to a visual target, humans need to transform the spatial target representation into the coordinate system of their moving arm. It has been shown that increased uncertainty in such coordinate transformations, for instance, when the head is rolled toward one shoulder, leads to higher movement variability and influence movement decisions. However, it is unknown whether the brain incorporates such added variability in planning and executing movements. We designed an obstacle avoidance task in which participants had to reach with or without visual feedback of the hand to a visual target while avoiding collisions with an obstacle. We varied coordinate transformation uncertainty by varying head roll (straight, 30° clockwise, and 30° counterclockwise). In agreement with previous studies, we observed that the reaching variability increased when the head was tilted. Indeed, head roll did not influence the number of collisions during reaching compared with the head-straight condition, but it did systematically change the obstacle avoidance behavior. Participants changed the preferred direction of passing the obstacle and increased the safety margins indicated by stronger movement curvature. These results suggest that the brain takes the added movement variability during head roll into account and compensates for it by adjusting the reaching trajectories. We show that changing body geometry such as head roll results in compensatory reaching behaviors around obstacles. Specifically, we observed head roll causes changed preferred movement direction and increased trajectory curvature. As has been shown before, head roll increases movement variability due to stochastic coordinate transformations. Thus these results provide evidence that the brain must consider the added movement variability caused by coordinate transformations for accurate reach movements.