Effect of Rosemary Essential Oil and VOCs on Pathogenic Fungi Responsible for Ginseng Root-rot Disease.

Rosemary essential oil was evaluated for antifungal potentiality against six major ginseng pathogens: , , , , , and . The in vitro fungicidal effects of two commonly used fungicides, namely mancozeb and fenhexamid, and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of T-403 on the mycelial growth were investigated. The results showed that rosemary essential oil is active against all of the pathogenic strains of ginseng root rot, whereas rosemary oil displayed high ability to inhibit the spp. growth. The highest sensitivity was , with complete inhibition of growth at 0.1% v/v of rosemary oil, followed by , which exhibited 100% inhibition at 0.3% v/v of the oil. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rosemary oil ranged from 0.1 % to 0.5 % (v/v). Chemical analysis using GC-MS showed the presence of thirty-two constituents within rosemary oil from L. Camphore type is the most frequent sesquiterpene in rosemary oil composition. Mancozeb and fenhexamid showed their highest inhibition effect (45% and 30%, respectively) against . T-403 showed its highest inhibition effect (84%) against isolate. This study may expedite the application of antifungal natural substances from rosemary and in the prevention and control of phytopathogenic strains in ginseng root infections.