Tangkhpanya Fatima, Le Carrour Morgane, Doucet Félicia, Gagné Jean-Pierre
École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Am J Audiol. 2019 Oct 16;28(3S):756-761. doi: 10.1044/2019_AJA-HEAL18-18-0170.
Speech processing is more effortful under difficult listening conditions. Using a dual-task paradigm, it has been shown that older adults deploy more listening effort than younger adults when performing a speech recognition task in noise. Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dual-task paradigm could be used to investigate differences in listening effort for an audiovisual speech comprehension task. If so, it was predicted that older adults would expend more listening effort than younger adults. Method Three groups of participants took part in the investigation: (a) young normal-hearing adults, (b) young normal-hearing adults listening to the speech material low-pass filtered above 3 kHz, and (c) older adults with age-related normal hearing sensitivity or better. A dual-task paradigm was used to measure listening effort. The primary task consisted of comprehending a short documentary presented at 63 dBA in a background noise that consisted of a 4-talker speech babble presented at 69 dBA. The participants had to answer a set of 15 questions related to the content of the documentary. The secondary task was a tactile detection task presented at a random time interval, over a 12-min period (approximately 8 stimuli/min). Each task was performed separately and concurrently. Results The younger participants who performed the listening task under the low-pass filtered condition displayed significantly more listening effort than the 2 other groups of participants. Conclusion First, the study confirmed that the dual-task paradigm used in this study was sufficiently sensitive to reveal significant differences in listening effort for a speech comprehension task across 3 groups of participants. Contrary to our prediction, it was the group of young normal-hearing participants who listened to the documentaries under the low-pass filtered condition that displayed significantly more listening effort than the other 2 groups of listeners.
在困难的听力条件下，语音处理需要付出更多努力。采用双任务范式的研究表明，在噪声环境中执行语音识别任务时，老年人比年轻人投入更多的听力努力。目的本研究的主要目的是调查双任务范式是否可用于研究视听语音理解任务中听力努力的差异。如果可以，预计老年人比年轻人会花费更多的听力努力。方法三组参与者参与了这项调查：（a）听力正常的年轻成年人，（b）听力正常的年轻成年人听经过低通滤波（高于3kHz）的语音材料，以及（c）听力与年龄相关且正常或更好的老年人。采用双任务范式来测量听力努力。主要任务包括理解一部在63分贝声压级呈现的简短纪录片，并处于由69分贝声压级呈现的4人语音嘈杂声组成的背景噪声中。参与者必须回答一组与纪录片内容相关的15个问题。次要任务是在12分钟内（约每分钟8次刺激）以随机时间间隔呈现的触觉检测任务。每个任务分别和同时进行。结果在低通滤波条件下执行听力任务的年轻参与者比其他两组参与者表现出明显更多的听力努力。结论首先，该研究证实本研究中使用的双任务范式足够敏感，能够揭示三组参与者在语音理解任务中听力努力的显著差异。与我们的预测相反，是在低通滤波条件下听纪录片的听力正常的年轻参与者组比其他两组听众表现出明显更多的听力努力。
