耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在合成草皮系统中的命运。
The Fate of Methicillin-Resistant in a Synthetic Turf System.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2020 May/Jun;12(3):263-270. doi: 10.1177/1941738120909353. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
BACKGROUND
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is responsible for one-third of infectious outbreaks reported among competitive athletes at high school and collegiate levels of competition, while the frequency of infections among National Football League players is nearly 400-fold higher than in the general population. The increased prevalence of MRSA infections among such athletes necessitates the study of football-specific environments as MRSA reservoirs.
HYPOTHESIS
The recovery and viability of MRSA will differ between turf infill and turf fibers.
STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive laboratory study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4.
METHODS
Each of 6 infill types and 3 turf fiber types were inoculated with MRSA, sacrificed over time, and enumerated after bacteria extraction and dilution plating to determine the incubation time at which 50% of inoculated MRSA are recoverable and viable (here termed ). The role of infill toxicity on MRSA survival was assessed using a dialysis assay.
RESULTS
On average, MRSA was available for up to 96 hours on infill (average : 13 hours) and 24 hours on turf fibers (: 4 hours) ( < 0.001). The for each infill type was also variable among infill groups ( < 0.001), averaging 2 hours (ethylene propylene diene monomer [EPDM] rubber), 7 hours (cork-based material), 9 hours (polymer-coated materials), 12 hours (crumb rubber), 13 hours (thermoplastic elastomer [TPE] rubber), and 27 hours (sands). MRSA remained available on slit-film and nylon fiber types for 12 hours postdeposition and for 24 hours on monofilament fibers. Toxicity assays showed that over 90% of MRSA cells remained viable after 6 hours of exposure to cork infill and sands, while 79%, 71%, 68%, and 17% of MRSA remained viable after exposure to polymer-coated materials, crumb rubber, TPE rubber, and EPDM rubber, respectively. Our data also indicated that organic and sand infills exhibited minimal toxicity to MRSA, while high relative toxicity drives limited MRSA availability in EPDM rubber infill.
CONCLUSION
MRSA recovery and viability varied among infill types but not among differing turf blades.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The results of this study can inform appropriate athlete and field management practices.
背景
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）导致三分之一的高中和大学竞技运动员报告的传染病爆发，而国家橄榄球联盟球员的感染频率比普通人群高出近 400 倍。此类运动员中 MRSA 感染的高发率需要研究足球特定环境作为 MRSA 储库。
假设
MRSA 在草皮填充料和草皮纤维中的回收率和生存能力不同。
研究设计
描述性实验室研究。
证据水平
4 级。
方法
将 6 种填充类型和 3 种草皮纤维类型中的每一种都接种了 MRSA，随着时间的推移牺牲，并在细菌提取和稀释平板培养后进行计数，以确定可回收和存活的接种 MRSA 的 50%所需的孵育时间（此处称为）。使用透析测定法评估填充毒性对 MRSA 存活的影响。
结果
平均而言，MRSA 可在填充料上使用长达 96 小时（平均：13 小时），在草皮纤维上使用长达 24 小时（：4 小时）（<0.001）。每个填充类型的也因填充组而异（<0.001），平均为 2 小时（三元乙丙橡胶），7 小时（基于软木的材料），9 小时（聚合物涂层材料），12 小时（橡胶颗粒），13 小时（热塑性弹性体橡胶）和 27 小时（砂）。在沉积后 12 小时内，MRSA 仍可在狭缝膜和尼龙纤维类型上使用，而在单丝纤维上可使用 24 小时。毒性测定表明，在暴露于软木和沙子 6 小时后，超过 90%的 MRSA 细胞仍然存活，而在暴露于聚合物涂层材料，橡胶颗粒，热塑性弹性体橡胶和三元乙丙橡胶后，分别有 79%，71%，68%和 17%的 MRSA 细胞仍然存活。我们的数据还表明，有机和砂填充料对 MRSA 的毒性最小，而 EPDM 橡胶填充料的相对毒性较高会导致 MRSA 的可用性有限。
结论
MRSA 的回收率和生存能力因填充类型而异，但与不同的草皮叶片无关。
临床相关性
本研究的结果可以为适当的运动员和场地管理实践提供信息。
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