Lipphaus Andreas, Witzel Ulrich
Biomechanics Research Group, Chair of Product Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Delaware, USA.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021 Feb;304(2):384-392. doi: 10.1002/ar.24401. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Bone and collagen fiber architecture adapt to external mechanical loads. In humans, due to the low insertion of the temporal muscle, mastication does not lead to a physiological loading of the calvaria. Forces applied to the skull by the dural folds can lead to compressive stresses in the calvaria. To investigate the relationship between mechanical loads and form in the skull and its membranes, in a finite element three-dimensional model of the human skull, loads due to head acceleration in daily activities are applied to the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. The dural folds are modeled as membranes. The stress paths in the dural folds correlate with anatomical fiber direction. Head accelerations of 9 g lead to compressive stress in the calvaria. Finite element analysis of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli can be used to study the influence of mechanical stresses on the ossification of the dural folds and their impact on calvarial growth. This study presents an example of functional loading of bone by fibrous membranes and describes a possible mechanism by which Wolff's law works on the bone of the calvaria creating evolutionarily beneficial lightweight constructions.
骨骼和胶原纤维结构会适应外部机械负荷。在人类中，由于颞肌附着位置较低，咀嚼不会导致颅盖骨承受生理负荷。硬脑膜褶皱施加于颅骨的力可导致颅盖骨产生压应力。为了研究颅骨及其膜结构中机械负荷与形态之间的关系，在人类颅骨的有限元三维模型中，将日常活动中头部加速产生的负荷施加于大脑镰和小脑幕。硬脑膜褶皱被建模为膜结构。硬脑膜褶皱中的应力路径与解剖纤维方向相关。9g的头部加速度会导致颅盖骨产生压应力。对大脑镰和小脑幕进行有限元分析可用于研究机械应力对硬脑膜褶皱骨化的影响及其对颅盖骨生长的作用。本研究展示了纤维膜对骨骼进行功能性加载的一个例子，并描述了沃尔夫定律作用于颅盖骨从而形成具有进化优势的轻质结构的一种可能机制。
