Pediatr Ann. 2020 Apr 1;49(4):e183-e187. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20200227-01.
Adnexal masses in adolescents, such as functional cysts, are often benign and can usually be managed expectantly since they typically regress on their own. The most common ovarian neoplasm in adolescents is a benign cystic teratoma. Both functional cysts and benign cystic teratomas are associated with ovarian torsion. Of concern, ovarian torsion requires a high level of suspicion when adolescents present with acute abdominal pain, as almost one-half of cases have no associated adnexal masses. The most common malignant adnexal masses in this age group include germ cell tumors, followed by epithelial cell tumors. Finally, ectopic pregnancy and tubo-ovarian abscesses must be considered in the differential diagnosis of adnexal mass, as delays in treatment may seriously affect an adolescent's health and future fertility. Obtaining an accurate history, including a sexual history, requires reviewing this history with the adolescent privately. Management of adnexal mases should prioritize fertility preservation. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(4):e183-e187.].
青少年的附件肿块，如功能性囊肿，通常是良性的，通常可以期待其自行消退，因此可以进行保守治疗。青少年最常见的卵巢肿瘤是良性囊性畸胎瘤。功能性囊肿和良性囊性畸胎瘤都与卵巢扭转有关。需要注意的是，当青少年出现急性腹痛时，应高度怀疑卵巢扭转，因为近一半的病例没有附件肿块。在这个年龄段，最常见的恶性附件肿块包括生殖细胞肿瘤，其次是上皮细胞肿瘤。最后，在附件肿块的鉴别诊断中必须考虑异位妊娠和输卵管卵巢脓肿，因为治疗的延误可能会严重影响青少年的健康和未来的生育能力。获得准确的病史，包括性生活史，需要与青少年私下进行病史回顾。附件肿块的处理应优先考虑生育力的保留。[儿科杂志。2020；49(4):e183-e187.]。
