Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109434. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109434. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
Evaluating the characteristics of exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke is an essential field in tobacco research because of the large risk burden among smokers. Detailed evaluation of the complex factors pertaining to the exposure of smokers to mainstream cigarette smoke was attempted by analysis of discarded cigarette butts. A total of 5475 samples of discarded cigarette butts was collected to investigate the exposure characteristics in relation to Korean smokers. The basic physico-chemical characteristics of cigarettes, including the filter length, filter type, menthol addition, and nicotine and tar content, were determined and the manufacturer and cigarette size were identified. The tobacco-burned percentage (TBP)) and tar staining were used as physical markers, and actual human exposure to cigarette smoke was determined using the part filter method. Multiple linear regression analyses and generalized ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the relationship between the socio-demographic factors and the physico-chemical characteristics of the cigarettes themselves and the exposure characteristics. Significant associations were observed between the TBP and age group, occupational group, manufacturer, tar staining, ISO tar content, and filter length. Increased odds of smoking with a heavier tar stain among Korean smokers were associated with blue collar workers vs. other workers, manufacturer B vs. other manufacturers, recess filter vs. other filter types, ISO tar content, and TBP. Finally, significant associations between the log-transformed human-smoked tar and nicotine yields and occupational group, the TBP, tar staining, and physico-chemical properties of cigarettes were found and were used to propose models for predicting the actual exposure to tar and nicotine. The proposed models account for 60-61% and 47-49% of the variance of human exposure to tar and nicotine, respectively. This analysis of discarded cigarette butts revealed that various factors, including socio-demographic factors such as age group and occupational group, as well as the physico-chemical properties of cigarette products such as the filter type and length, cigarette size, ISO tar and nicotine content, and mentholation, affect the characteristics of exposure of Korean smokers to mainstream cigarette smoke.
评估主流香烟烟雾暴露的特征是烟草研究的一个重要领域，因为吸烟者面临着巨大的风险负担。通过分析丢弃的烟头来尝试详细评估与吸烟者接触主流香烟烟雾相关的复杂因素。共收集了 5475 个丢弃的烟头样本，以调查与韩国吸烟者有关的暴露特征。确定了香烟的基本物理化学特性，包括过滤嘴长度、过滤嘴类型、薄荷醇添加、尼古丁和焦油含量，并确定了制造商和香烟尺寸。使用烟草燃烧百分比（TBP）和焦油染色作为物理标记，使用部分过滤法确定实际的人体对香烟烟雾的暴露。进行了多元线性回归分析和广义有序逻辑回归分析，以确定社会人口统计学因素与香烟本身的物理化学特性以及暴露特征之间的关系。TBP 与年龄组、职业组、制造商、焦油染色、ISO 焦油含量和过滤嘴长度之间存在显著相关性。在韩国吸烟者中，与蓝领工人相比，其他工人、B 制造商与其他制造商、凹口过滤嘴与其他过滤嘴类型、ISO 焦油含量和 TBP 与吸烟时焦油染色程度较重有关的吸烟几率增加。最后，发现人体吸烟的焦油和尼古丁产量与职业组、TBP、焦油染色和香烟的物理化学特性之间存在显著相关性，并使用这些相关性提出了预测实际暴露于焦油和尼古丁的模型。提出的模型分别可以解释人体暴露于焦油和尼古丁的 60-61%和 47-49%的变异性。对丢弃的烟头进行的分析表明，包括年龄组和职业组等社会人口统计学因素以及过滤嘴类型和长度、香烟尺寸、ISO 焦油和尼古丁含量以及薄荷醇化等香烟产品的物理化学特性在内的各种因素会影响韩国吸烟者接触主流香烟烟雾的特征。
