Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2020 Oct;67:105122. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105122. Epub 2020 Apr 4.
In this study, a photo-catalyst of titanium oxide was coated on zeolite by the sol-gel method. The generation of the zeolite-titanate photo-catalyst was optimized at conditions of calcination temperature (300, 350, 400 and 500 °C), calcination time (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and titanate content (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mL). The catalyst was used for 'Sonication/UV/HO″ activity and finally, eliminating ibuprofen. Physicochemical properties of the as-built photo-catalysts for all optimized conditions were determined using FESEM-EDX-mapping, BET, FTIR, and XRD. The highest percentage of ibuprofen removal (98.9%) was obtained at conditions of zeolite to titanium ratio of 1 g: 2 mL, time in the furnace of 1 h, and temperature of the furnace of 350 °C. The optimum photo-catalytic (namely, Cat-350-1-2) had a surface area value of 39 m/g and a crystalline size of 4.9 nm. The surface area for all photo-catalysts increased after being used for ibuprofen removal, possibly due to ultrasonic waves. The presence of Ti-O, benzene ring, O-Al-O, O-Si-O, C-H, and O-H in the photo-catalysts structure were confirmed. Growing the calcination time resulted in an increase in the crystallinity of titanium dioxide in the photo-catalysts and, ultimately a reduction in the ibuprofen removal. The consumed energy by the developed system was calculated for the presence (0.094 kJ/g) and absence (17.5 kJ/g) of the ultrasonic wave. The degradation pathway and reaction kinetic are also explored and proposed. The results showed that the ultrasonic-UV-activated HO-based technique can be applied as an alternative method for ibuprofen removal from aqueous media.
在这项研究中，通过溶胶-凝胶法将氧化钛光催化剂涂覆在沸石上。优化了沸石钛酸盐光催化剂的生成条件，包括煅烧温度（300、350、400 和 500°C）、煅烧时间（1、2、3 和 4 h）和钛酸盐含量（0、2、4、6 和 8 mL）。该催化剂用于“超声/UV/HO″活性，最终消除布洛芬。使用 FESEM-EDX 映射、BET、FTIR 和 XRD 对所有优化条件下构建的光催化剂的物理化学性质进行了测定。在沸石与钛的比例为 1 g:2 mL、炉内时间为 1 h、炉内温度为 350°C 的条件下，布洛芬的去除率最高（98.9%）。最佳光催化剂（即 Cat-350-1-2）的比表面积值为 39 m/g，结晶度为 4.9nm。所有光催化剂在用于去除布洛芬后表面面积增加，这可能是由于超声波的作用。光催化剂结构中存在 Ti-O、苯环、O-Al-O、O-Si-O、C-H 和 O-H。随着煅烧时间的延长，光催化剂中二氧化钛的结晶度增加，最终布洛芬的去除率降低。对于存在（0.094 kJ/g）和不存在（17.5 kJ/g）超声波的情况，计算了所开发系统的能耗。还探索并提出了降解途径和反应动力学。结果表明，超声-UV 激活 HO 基技术可作为从水介质中去除布洛芬的替代方法。
