Imaging Assessment of Complications from Transplantation from Pediatric to Adult Patients: Part 2: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an intravenous transfusion of pluripotent stem cells to repopulate the marrow and restore immunocompetence. However, before transplantation, the patient undergoes a conditioning regimen to eradicate the underlying disease, subsequently resulting in an immunocompromised state. Serious and some life-threatening complications involving any organ can occur. Currently, with advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation techniques and posttransplant management, more pediatric patients are now living longer and into their adulthood. The goal of this review article is to discuss the common neurologic, pulmonary, and abdominal complications associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with emphasis on their imaging characteristics.