Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology IIT, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Genes Genomics. 2020 Jun;42(6):619-630. doi: 10.1007/s13258-020-00935-7. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
Pseudogenes have been known as non-functional molecular relics developed from inactivated genomic mutations while evolution. However, they have a various function at distinct molecular stages (DNA, RNA and protein) in different biological events including in cancer and associated with parental-gene-dependently and parental-gene independently. The interactions of pseudogenes with ancestor genes or other genes alter in their sequences and transcriptional processes. Pseudogene of RNA sequences have multiple functions in post-transcriptional activities as antisense RNAs, endogenous small-interference RNAs, and competing endogenous RNAs. Moreover, it also plays vital roles in controlling of its parent genes and other pseudogenes transcribing into RNA. Pseudogene transcripts make small interfering RNA or decline cellular miRNA level. The current review focuses on pseudogene functional signature in human genome by regulating the gene expression.
假基因曾被认为是进化过程中由失活的基因组突变产生的无功能的分子遗迹。然而，它们在不同的生物学事件中（包括癌症）具有不同的功能，并且与亲本基因的依赖性和非依赖性相关。假基因与祖先基因或其他基因的相互作用会改变它们的序列和转录过程。RNA 序列的假基因具有多种功能，如反义 RNA、内源性小干扰 RNA 和竞争内源性 RNA。此外，它在控制其亲本基因和其他假基因转录为 RNA 方面也起着至关重要的作用。假基因转录本产生小干扰 RNA 或降低细胞内 miRNA 水平。本综述重点介绍了假基因通过调节基因表达在人类基因组中的功能特征。
