Conti G, Virag R, von Niederhäusern W
Institute of Histology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
Acta Anat (Basel). 1988;133(3):209-12. doi: 10.1159/000146641.
The discovery of the papaverine erection test by Virag in 1982 stimulated the interest of research workers in the physiology of the penis. Since then, the scheme of functioning proposed by Conti [Acta anat. 14:217-262, 1952] in 1952 has been frequently cited in the literature, although its finalism is evident. It is based upon the presence of regulatory mechanisms along penile arteries, veins and arteriovenous anastomoses. In spite of the fact that these anastomoses were unanimously admitted, recently the presence of arterial and venous cushions has been controverted or even denied. Before attempting any functional explanation using nerves and chemical mediators, we made sure first of the concrete material reality of these anatomical structures. Thirty-five years after the main study, the present observations confirm the morphologic descriptions made in 1952. The contrary would have been astonishing. In fact, arterial and venous cushions were demonstrated by the School of Anatomy of Padova, the most ancient and venerable of all (Fallope, 1550), then by other institutes of morphology that dealt with these cushions in practically all the organs of the human body. It remains to establish their role in erection - whether it is null, complementary or primordial: that is the question.
1982年维拉格发现罂粟碱勃起试验，激发了研究人员对阴茎生理学的兴趣。自那时起，孔蒂于1952年提出的功能模式（《解剖学报》14:217 - 262, 1952）在文献中经常被引用，尽管其目的论色彩明显。该模式基于阴茎动脉、静脉和动静脉吻合处存在调节机制。尽管这些吻合处已被一致认可，但最近动脉和静脉垫的存在受到了争议甚至否定。在尝试用神经和化学介质进行任何功能解释之前，我们首先确定了这些解剖结构的具体物质存在。在主要研究进行35年后，目前的观察结果证实了1952年所做的形态学描述。反之才会令人惊讶。事实上，帕多瓦解剖学派（所有学派中最古老且最受尊崇的，法洛皮奥，1550年）证实了动脉和静脉垫的存在，随后其他形态学研究机构在人体几乎所有器官中都对这些垫子进行了研究。它们在勃起中的作用仍有待确定——是无作用、起补充作用还是起主要作用：这就是问题所在。
