Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(17):21702-21715. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08706-3. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
The exponential growth in the use of motor vehicles is a key contributor to freshwater degradation. Current remediation techniques require prohibitively expensive contaminant treatment and extraction. Biochar represents an inexpensive option to ameliorate contaminants from motorway runoff. Biochar from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was produced under fast pyrolysis-gasification (450-500 °C for 90 s) and amended with wood ash and basaltic rock dust to evaluate sorption of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. The column study, designed to mimic field conditions, confirmed that unamended biochar can bind contaminants for short periods, but that the addition of amendments, particularly wood ash, significantly improves contaminant removal. Wood ash-amended biochar removed 98-100% of all contaminants during the study, driven by pH (r = 0.73-0.74; p < 0.01 dependent on metal species) and phosphorus levels causing precipitation (r = 0.47-0.59; p < 0.01, dependent on metal species). The contaminants' progression through the biochar subsections in the column indicated that increasing the thickness of the biochar layer increased contaminant residence time and removal.
机动车使用量的指数级增长是导致淡水退化的一个主要因素。目前的修复技术需要花费过高的污染处理和提取费用。生物炭是一种从高速公路径流中去除污染物的廉价选择。挪威云杉（Picea abies (L.) Karst.）的生物炭是在快速热解-气化（450-500°C 下 90 秒）下生产的，并添加了木灰和玄武岩粉尘，以评估其对 Pb、Cu、Zn 和 Cd 的吸附能力。该柱研究旨在模拟野外条件，证实未经改良的生物炭可以在短时间内结合污染物，但添加改良剂，特别是木灰，可以显著提高污染物的去除率。在研究过程中，添加木灰的生物炭去除了 98-100%的所有污染物，这是由 pH 值（r = 0.73-0.74；取决于金属种类，p < 0.01）和导致沉淀的磷水平（r = 0.47-0.59；取决于金属种类，p < 0.01）驱动的。污染物在柱中通过生物炭分段的进展表明，增加生物炭层的厚度可以增加污染物的停留时间和去除率。
