Venomous Species (Araneae, Haplogynae, Sicariidae) from Brazil: 2n♂ = 23 and XXY Sex Chromosome System as Shared Characteristics.

The family Sicariidae comprises the genera , and . This latter is subdivided in eight monophyletic groups based on genitalia morphology and molecular analyses: , , , and (South America); (North America); (Mediterranean); and (Africa). In Brazil, the genus is represented by 50 species. The mitotic and meiotic characteristics of eight species were analyzed in order to discuss the chromosome evolution, as well as the correspondence between cytogenetic data and morphological/molecular data for the delimitation of the South American groups of species belonging to this genus. All species studied in this work showed 2n♂ = 23, including a X1X2Y sex chromosome system (SCS). Despite the similarity of diploid number and SCS, the species studied here differed regarding the chromosome morphology of some autosomal pairs, presence of secondary constrictions, size of X chromosomes and localization of Ag-NOR/rDNA sites. Based on all these chromosomal data, we verified a close relationship between species belonging to the and groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of spread pachytene cells of showed regular synapsis between homologous autosomal chromosomes, but asynaptic behavior of the sex chromosomes. The axial elements of the sex chromosomes undergo conspicuous morphological modifications resulting in shortening of their length.