Stávale L M, Schneider M C, Brescovit A D, Cella D M
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2011 May 3;10(2):752-63. doi: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1084.
We made a cytogenetic analysis of four species of Oxyopidae and compared it with the karyotype data of all species of this family. In Hamataliwa sp, the mitotic cells showed 2n♂ = 26+X(1)X(2) and telocentric chromosomes. The 2n♂ = 28, which has been described for only one oxyopid spider, is the highest diploid number reported for this family. Peucetia species exhibited distinct karyotype characteristics, i.e., 2n♂ = 20+X(1)X(2) in P. flava and 2n♂ = 20+X in P. rubrolineata, revealing interspecific chromosome variability within this genus. However, both Peucetia species exhibited telocentric chromosomes. The most unexpected karyotype was encountered in Oxyopes salticus, which presented 2n♂ = 10+X in most individuals and a predominance of biarmed chromosomes. Additionally, one male of the sample of O. salticus was heterozygous for a centric fusion that originated the first chromosomal pair and exhibited one supernumerary chromosome in some cells. Testicular nuclei of Hamataliwa sp and O. salticus revealed NORs on autosomal pairs, after silver impregnation. The majority of Oxyopidae spiders have their karyotype differentiated by both reduction in diploid number chromosome number and change of the sex chromosome system to X type; however, certain species retain the ancestral chromosome constitution 2n = 26+X1X2. The most remarkable karyotype differentiation occurred in O. salticus studied here, which showed the lowest diploid number ever observed in Oxyopidae and the second lowest registered for Entelegynae spiders.
我们对四种猫蛛科物种进行了细胞遗传学分析，并将其与该科所有物种的核型数据进行了比较。在哈马塔利瓦蛛属物种中，有丝分裂细胞显示2n♂ = 26+X(1)X(2)且为端着丝粒染色体。2n♂ = 28仅在一种猫蛛科蜘蛛中被描述过，是该科报道的最高二倍体数。普西蛛属物种表现出明显的核型特征，即黄斑普西蛛中2n♂ = 20+X(1)X(2)，红纹普西蛛中2n♂ = 20+X，揭示了该属内的种间染色体变异性。然而，这两种普西蛛属物种均表现为端着丝粒染色体。在食虫猫蛛中遇到了最意想不到的核型，大多数个体呈现2n♂ = 10+X且双臂染色体占优势。此外，食虫猫蛛样本中的一只雄性个体因一个着丝粒融合而杂合，该融合产生了第一对染色体，并且在一些细胞中表现出一条额外染色体。经银染后，哈马塔利瓦蛛属物种和食虫猫蛛的精细胞核显示常染色体对上有核仁组织区。大多数猫蛛科蜘蛛的核型通过二倍体染色体数目的减少以及性染色体系统向X型的变化而分化；然而，某些物种保留了祖先染色体组成2n = 26+X1X2。在此研究的食虫猫蛛中发生了最显著的核型分化，它显示出猫蛛科中迄今观察到的最低二倍体数以及在类高级蛛中记录的第二低二倍体数。
