Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil.
Lund University, Department of Biology, Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2020 Jul;148:106820. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106820. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
In order to gain insights into the biogeographic processes underlying biotic diversification in the Atlantic Forest (AF), we used a multi-locus approach to examine the evolutionary history of the White-shouldered Fire-eye (Pyriglena leucoptera) and the Fringe-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena atra), two parapatric sister species endemic to the AF. We sequenced one mitochondrial, three Z chromosome-linked and three anonymous markers of 556 individuals from 66 localities. We recovered four lineages throughout the AF: P. atra and three populations within P. leucoptera. All populations diverged during the late Pleistocene and presented varying levels of admixture. One Z-linked locus showed the highest level of differentiation between the two species. On the other hand, a mitochondrial haplotype was shared extensively between them. Our data supported vicariance driving speciation along with extinction and dispersal as processes underlying intraspecific diversification. Furthermore, signatures of demographic expansion in most populations and areas of genetic admixture were recovered throughout the AF, suggesting that forest fragmentation was also important in differentiation. Genetic admixture areas are located between large rivers suggesting that AF rivers may diminish gene flow. Our results indicated a complex and dynamic biogeographic history of Pyriglena in the AF, with vicariance, extinction, dispersal and secondary contact followed by introgression likely influencing the current patterns of genetic distribution.
为了深入了解大西洋森林（AF）生物多样性形成的生物地理过程，我们采用多基因座方法研究了白肩火眼（Pyriglena leucoptera）和缘斑火眼（Pyriglena atra）这两个同种姐妹种的进化历史。这两个物种是 AF 的特有种，我们对来自 66 个地点的 556 个个体的一个线粒体、三个 Z 染色体连锁和三个匿名标记进行了测序。我们在整个 AF 中发现了四个谱系：P. atra 和 P. leucoptera 的三个种群。所有种群都在更新世晚期分化，表现出不同程度的杂交。一个 Z 连锁基因座在两个物种之间表现出最高水平的分化。另一方面，它们之间广泛共享一个线粒体单倍型。我们的数据支持隔离驱动物种形成以及灭绝和扩散是种内多样化的基础过程。此外，在整个 AF 中，大多数种群和遗传杂交区都存在种群扩张的迹象，这表明森林破碎化对分化也很重要。遗传杂交区位于大河之间，这表明 AF 河流可能会减少基因流。我们的结果表明，Pyriglena 在 AF 中具有复杂而动态的生物地理历史，隔离、灭绝、扩散和随后的基因渗入以及杂交可能影响了当前的遗传分布模式。
