Rock G, Westwood J C
Can Med Assoc J. 1977 May 7;116(9):988-91.
The Canadian Red Cross blood transfusion service has followed a set protocol for phlebotomy and collection of a unit of blood. Recent requirements for automated testing have necessitated that a second tube of blood be obtained from the blood line following collection of the unit. Evaluation of the techniques used, however, has indicated the possibility of bacterial contamination from the skin of donors, from insertion of the needle through an unsterile rubber stopper, and through backflow from a nonsterile vacuum tube. To test these possibilities swabs were taken from skin and stoppers of vacuum tubes. Further, vacuum tubes were deliberately contaminated with Escherichia coli. The normal sampling procedure, which involves stripping the donor line to refill and mix the blood, was then followed. This resulted in contamination of the segments and even the blood bag. These findings led to modification of the standard bleeding technique, whereby stripping was eliminated and sterile vacuum tubes were to be used at all times.
加拿大红十字会输血服务部门遵循一套静脉穿刺和采集一单位血液的规程。近期对自动化检测的要求使得在采集完一单位血液后必须从血路中获取第二管血液。然而，对所使用技术的评估表明，存在来自献血者皮肤、针头穿过未消毒橡胶塞以及未消毒真空管回流导致细菌污染的可能性。为测试这些可能性，从真空管的皮肤和塞子上采集了拭子。此外，真空管被故意用大肠杆菌污染。然后按照常规采样程序进行操作，该程序包括剥离献血者管路以重新填充和混合血液。这导致了各部分甚至血袋的污染。这些发现促使对标准采血技术进行修改，即取消剥离操作并始终使用无菌真空管。
