Clarke-Crespo Emilio, Moreno-Arzate Claudia N, López-González Carlos A
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Bioingeniería, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr 9;10(4):649. doi: 10.3390/ani10040649.
Ticks are vectors of a large number of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, and in recent years, they have participated in the rise of multiple infectious outbreaks around the world. Studies have proposed that temperature and precipitation are the main variables that limit the geographical distribution of ticks. The analysis of environmental constraints with ecological niche modeling (ENM) techniques can improve our ability to identify suitable areas for emergence events. Algorithms used in this study showed different distributional patterns for each tick genera; the environmental suitability for includes warm and humid localities below 1000 m above the sea level, while is mainly associated with ecosystems with high vegetation cover. and genus presented wider distribution patterns; the first includes species that are well adapted to resist desiccation, whereas the latter includes generalist species that are mostly associated with domestic hosts in Mexico. Ecological niche models have proven to be useful in estimating the geographic distribution of many taxa of ticks. Despite our limited knowledge of tick's diversity, ENM can improve our understanding of the dynamics of vector-borne diseases and can assist public health decision-making processes.
蜱虫是许多具有医学和兽医学重要性的病原体的传播媒介，近年来，它们在全球多次传染病暴发的增加中起到了作用。研究表明，温度和降水是限制蜱虫地理分布的主要变量。利用生态位建模（ENM）技术分析环境限制因素，可以提高我们识别疫情暴发适宜区域的能力。本研究中使用的算法显示，每个蜱属的分布模式不同；[具体蜱属1]的环境适宜性包括海拔1000米以下温暖湿润的地区，而[具体蜱属2]主要与植被覆盖率高的生态系统相关。[具体蜱属3]和[具体蜱属4]呈现出更广泛的分布模式；前者包括适应抗干燥能力强的物种，而后者包括大多与墨西哥家养宿主相关的广布种。生态位模型已被证明在估计许多蜱类分类单元的地理分布方面很有用。尽管我们对蜱虫多样性的了解有限，但ENM可以增进我们对媒介传播疾病动态的理解，并有助于公共卫生决策过程。
