Limits and challenges of crash protection.

The objective of this paper is to present information on fatal motor vehicle crashes, the effectiveness of lap-shoulder belts in preventing these deaths, and the limitations on their lifesaving capabilities. With this perspective, an evaluation is made of the potential for further reductions in crash fatalities if advanced safety systems are included in the standard occupant protection package. These systems might include additional lap-shoulder belt technologies, such as pretensioners, webbing locks or grabbers, load limiters, and adjustable anchors, as well as belt supplements, such as air bags and energy-absorbing interiors. Difficulties encountered in evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in the laboratory are then described. Finally, the potential for precrash and postcrash safety technologies in combination with crash-phase technology is discussed as an effective use of resources to improve occupant protection.