National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Aqua), Kemitorvet 202, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
Conserv Biol. 2020 Oct;34(5):1152-1164. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13512. Epub 2020 Aug 22.
The goal of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to support a sustainable and holistic multisectored management approach, and is recognized in a number of international policy frameworks. However, it remains unknown how these goals should be linked to assessments and management plans for marine fauna, such as mammals and fish stocks. It appears particularly challenging to carry out trade-off analyses of various ocean uses without a framework that integrates knowledge of environmental, social, and economic benefits derived from nonstationary marine fauna. We argue this gap can be filled by applying a version of the ecosystem-service approach at the population level of marine fauna. To advance this idea, we used marine mammals as a case study to demonstrate what indicators could operationalize relevant assessments and deliver an evidence base for the presence of ecosystem services and disservices derived from marine mammals. We found indicators covering common ecosystem service categories feasible to apply; examples of indicator data are already available in the literature for several populations. We encourage further exploration of this approach for application to marina fauna and biodiversity management, with the caveat that conceptual tensions related to the use of the ecosystem service concept itself needs to be addressed to ensure acceptance by relevant stakeholders.
基于生态系统的管理（EBM）的目标是支持可持续和整体的多部门管理方法，这在许多国际政策框架中得到了认可。然而，这些目标应该如何与海洋动物（如哺乳动物和鱼类资源）的评估和管理计划联系起来，目前还不清楚。如果没有一个框架来整合非稳定海洋动物的环境、社会和经济效益方面的知识，那么对各种海洋用途进行权衡分析似乎特别具有挑战性。我们认为，可以通过在海洋动物种群水平上应用生态系统服务方法的一个版本来填补这一空白。为了推进这一想法，我们使用海洋哺乳动物作为案例研究，展示了哪些指标可以实施相关评估，并为海洋哺乳动物带来的生态系统服务和不服务提供证据基础。我们发现，涵盖常见生态系统服务类别的指标是可行的；对于一些种群，文献中已经有了指标数据的例子。我们鼓励进一步探索这种方法在海洋动物和生物多样性管理中的应用，但需要注意的是，与生态系统服务概念本身的使用相关的概念性紧张关系需要得到解决，以确保相关利益相关者的接受。
