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本文引用的文献

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PENICILLIN IN STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; TOTAL DOSE AND FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION.青霉素治疗链球菌感染；总剂量及给药频率
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2
Staphylococcal antagonism to penicillin-G therapy of hemolytic streptococcal pharyngeal infection. Effect of oxacillin.葡萄球菌对溶血性链球菌咽峡炎感染青霉素G治疗的拮抗作用。苯唑西林的效果。
Pediatrics. 1963 Mar;31:463-9.
3
The prevention of type specific immunity to streptococcal infections due to the therapeutic use of penicillin. Occurrence of second attacks due to the same type of group A hemolytic streptococci.青霉素治疗导致对链球菌感染的型特异性免疫预防。因同一类型的A组溶血性链球菌引发二次感染的情况。
Am J Dis Child. 1960 Sep;100:353-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.04020040355007.
4
The role of the streptococcus in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever.链球菌在风湿热发病机制中的作用。
Am J Med. 1954 Dec;17(6):749-56. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(54)90219-3.
5
The accuracy of diagnosis of beta streptococcal infections on clinical grounds.基于临床依据对β-链球菌感染的诊断准确性。
J Pediatr. 1954 Jun;44(6):670-3. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(54)80008-4.
6
The effect of penicillin prophylaxis on streptococcal disease rates and the carrier state.青霉素预防对链球菌疾病发病率及带菌状态的影响。
N Engl J Med. 1953 Jul 2;249(1):1-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195307022490101.
7
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1990 summary.国家流动医疗护理调查：1990年总结
Adv Data. 1992 Apr 30(213):1-11.
8
Expanded programme on immunization. Outbreak of diphtheria, update.扩大免疫规划。白喉疫情，最新情况
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9
Cephalosporins are superior to penicillin for treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: is the difference worth it?头孢菌素在治疗链球菌性扁桃体咽炎方面优于青霉素：这种差异值得吗？
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Apr;12(4):268-74. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199304000-00002.
10
Pediatricians' diagnostic approach to pharyngitis and impact of CLIA 1988 on office diagnostic tests.儿科医生对咽炎的诊断方法以及1988年临床实验室改进修正案对门诊诊断检测的影响。
JAMA. 1994 Jan 19;271(3):234-8.

A 组链球菌性咽炎的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of group a streptococcal pharyngitis.

作者信息

Tanz Robert R, Shulman Stanford T

机构信息

Division of General Academic Pediatrics Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.

Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL. USA.

出版信息

Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;6(2):69-78. doi: 10.1016/S1045-1870(05)80054-8. Epub 2006 Jun 6.

DOI:10.1016/S1045-1870(05)80054-8
PMID:32288448
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7128789/
Abstract

Pharyngitis caused by the group A streptococcus requires accurate diagnosis and timely treatment to prevent acute rheumatic fever. Clinical signs and symptoms often do not distinguish pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci from pharyngitis caused by other microorganisms. Rapid antigen detection or throat culture are recommended for diagnosis except when viral signs and symptoms are prominent. Therapy with penicillin, the drug of choice, is associated with prevention of rheumatic fever, more rapid clinical improvement, and prompt loss of contagiousness. Bacteriologic treatment failure occurs despite universal sensitivity of group A streptococci to penicillin. The cause of treatment failure (and of chronic carriage) remain to be determined. Newer, more expensive antibiotics do not substantially enhance treatment success and need not be prescribed for most patients.

摘要

A组链球菌引起的咽炎需要准确诊断并及时治疗，以预防急性风湿热。临床体征和症状往往无法区分A组链球菌引起的咽炎与其他微生物引起的咽炎。除了病毒体征和症状突出时，推荐采用快速抗原检测或咽拭子培养进行诊断。首选药物青霉素治疗可预防风湿热，使临床症状更快改善，并迅速消除传染性。尽管A组链球菌对青霉素普遍敏感，但仍会出现细菌学治疗失败的情况。治疗失败（以及慢性带菌）的原因尚待确定。更新、更昂贵的抗生素并不能显著提高治疗成功率，大多数患者无需使用。