Wang A Q, Chan Edwin H W, Yeung Stanley C W, Han J B
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Procedia Eng. 2017;198:707-719. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.122. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Land in urban fringe area is the primary source for land supply and development. In Hong Kong (HK), nine new towns have been built in New Territories since 1970s, providing 172.6 km built-up land and large amount of residences for 3.4 million people. However, due to land scarcity, development restriction, and social opposition, New Development Area (NDA), as the small-scale extension of New Town (NT), was designated as one of the main approaches for HK medium and long term land supply. To demonstrate the characteristics of urban fringe land use transitions in Hong Kong, literature review and case study were used in this research. The history of new town development and the scheme of new development areas were introduced firstly. Afterwards, the land use features of NT and NDA were compared and the case of Hung Shui Kiu NDA was illustrated. It is concluded that while housing, infrastructure and facility were the main elements in NTs, employment, vibrancy and environment were suggested to be the new compulsory elements in NDAs integrated to the traditional planning concepts. As for the development approach, lease modification was adopted in NDA to allow private landowners directly develop their land, in addition to the traditional development approach of land resumption in NT. It is suggested to ensure the development of NDA, the proposed development plan should be persuasive to provide the optimal land use distribution as a trade-off among the profits of developers, the interests of local villager, government concern and the provision of land for future residents. Also, community engagement will play a more important role in NDA planning process. Referring to the analysis of urban fringe land use transitions and strategies for planning and development, the study would also be helpful to others growing cities.
城市边缘地区的土地是土地供应和开发的主要来源。在香港，自20世纪70年代以来，新界已建成9个新市镇，提供了172.6平方公里的建成区土地，并为340万人提供了大量住宅。然而，由于土地稀缺、发展限制和社会反对，新发展区作为新市镇的小规模扩展，被指定为香港中长期土地供应的主要途径之一。为了展示香港城市边缘土地利用转型的特征，本研究采用了文献综述和案例研究的方法。首先介绍了新市镇发展的历史和新发展区的规划方案。随后，比较了新市镇和新发展区的土地利用特征，并以洪水桥新发展区为例进行说明。研究得出结论，虽然住房、基础设施和设施是新市镇的主要要素，但就业、活力和环境被建议作为新发展区整合到传统规划概念中的新的强制性要素。至于发展方式，新发展区除了采用新市镇传统的土地征用发展方式外，还采用契约修订的方式，允许私人土地所有者直接开发其土地。为确保新发展区的发展，建议所提出的发展规划应具有说服力，以便在开发商利润、当地村民利益、政府关注以及为未来居民提供土地之间进行权衡，提供最佳的土地利用分配。此外，社区参与将在新发展区的规划过程中发挥更重要的作用。参照对城市边缘土地利用转型及规划和发展策略的分析，该研究对其他发展中的城市也将有所帮助。
