Université de la Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Sainte-Clotilde F-97490, France.
CHU de La Réunion, Centre d'Investigations Clinique 1410, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France.
Biomolecules. 2020 Apr 12;10(4):598. doi: 10.3390/biom10040598.
Lipoproteins were initially defined according to their composition (lipids and proteins) and classified according to their density (from very low- to high-density lipoproteins-HDLs). Whereas their capacity to transport hydrophobic lipids in a hydrophilic environment (plasma) is not questionable, their primitive function of cholesterol transporter could be challenged. All lipoproteins are reported to bind and potentially neutralize bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS); this is particularly true for HDL particles. In addition, HDL levels are drastically decreased under infectious conditions such as sepsis, suggesting a potential role in the clearance of bacterial material and, particularly, LPS. Moreover, "omics" technologies have unveiled significant changes in HDL composition in different inflammatory states, ranging from acute inflammation occurring during septic shock to low-grade inflammation associated with moderate endotoxemia such as periodontal disease or obesity. In this review, we will discuss HDL modifications associated with exposure to pathogens including bacteria, viruses and parasites, with a special focus on sepsis and the potential of HDL therapy in this context. Low-grade inflammation associated with atherosclerosis, periodontitis or metabolic syndrome may also highlight the protective role of HDLs in theses pathologies by other mechanisms than the reverse transport of cholesterol.
脂蛋白最初是根据其组成（脂质和蛋白质）进行定义的，并根据其密度（从极低密度脂蛋白到高密度脂蛋白）进行分类。虽然它们在亲水环境（血浆）中运输疏水性脂质的能力是毋庸置疑的，但它们作为胆固醇转运体的原始功能可能会受到挑战。所有脂蛋白都被报道能够结合并潜在地中和细菌脂多糖（LPS）；这对于 HDL 颗粒尤其如此。此外，在感染条件下，如败血症，HDL 水平会大幅下降，这表明其在清除细菌物质，特别是 LPS 方面可能发挥作用。此外，“组学”技术揭示了不同炎症状态下 HDL 组成的显著变化，从发生在败血症性休克期间的急性炎症到与中度内毒素血症相关的低度炎症，如牙周病或肥胖症。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论与暴露于病原体（包括细菌、病毒和寄生虫）相关的 HDL 修饰，特别关注败血症以及在这种情况下 HDL 治疗的潜力。与动脉粥样硬化、牙周炎或代谢综合征相关的低度炎症也可能通过胆固醇逆向转运以外的其他机制强调 HDL 在这些病理中的保护作用。
