Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2020 Jul;234(7):686-696. doi: 10.1177/0954411920915589. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Judo is a combat sport that involves throwing the opponent onto the back. When being thrown, head biomechanics may be related to head injury risk. This study aimed to assess head injury risks associated with four Judo techniques in children and adolescents with different experience levels. Twenty children (<12 years) and 20 adolescents (≥ 12 years) were recruited. Each group was divided into non-expert and expert. Two inertial sensors were fixed on fallers' head and torso. Two backward ( and ) and two forward ( and ) techniques were performed. Peak of linear and angular head acceleration magnitude, impact time duration, neck angle, and the Gadd Severity Index were assessed. Children did not show differences between techniques or experience levels. In contrast, adolescents showed greater linear acceleration peak in than (p = 0.03), greater angular acceleration peak in and than (p < 0.05), and greater neck flexion in than (p = 0.004). Compared to expert adolescents, non-expert adolescents showed greater angular acceleration peak, impact duration, and the Gadd Severity Index in (p < 0.05) and greater neck extension in (p = 0.02). Current results pointed out higher risks for adolescents while being thrown with backward techniques, especially for non-expert participants. This study highlights the need of training athletes in controlling head and neck during back falls from a young age to become expert in adulthood.
柔道是一种格斗运动，包括将对手摔倒在地。在被摔倒时，头部生物力学可能与头部受伤风险有关。本研究旨在评估不同经验水平的儿童和青少年在四种柔道技术中与头部受伤相关的风险。招募了 20 名儿童（<12 岁）和 20 名青少年（≥12 岁）。每个组分为非专家和专家。两个惯性传感器固定在摔倒者的头部和躯干上。进行了两种向后（和）和两种向前（和）技术。评估了头部线性和角加速度幅度的峰值、撞击时间持续时间、颈部角度和 Gadd 严重度指数。儿童在技术或经验水平之间没有差异。相比之下，青少年在 中表现出更大的线性加速度峰值（p=0.03）、在 中比在 中更大的角加速度峰值（p<0.05），以及在 中比在 中更大的颈部弯曲（p=0.004）。与专家青少年相比，非专家青少年在 中表现出更大的角加速度峰值、撞击持续时间和 Gadd 严重度指数（p<0.05），以及在 中更大的颈部伸展（p=0.02）。目前的结果表明，青少年在向后技术中被摔倒时面临更高的风险，特别是对于非专家参与者。本研究强调了从年轻时起就需要对运动员进行控制头部和颈部在背部摔倒的训练，以便成年后成为专家。
