Yuan Haiyang, Liu Guangming
Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
Soft Matter. 2020 May 7;16(17):4087-4104. doi: 10.1039/d0sm00199f. Epub 2020 Apr 14.
The ionic effects on synthetic polymers have attracted extensive attention due to the crucial role of ions in the determination of the properties of synthetic polymers. This review places the focus on specific ion effects, multivalent ion effects, and ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects in synthetic polymer systems from solutions to brushes and gels. The specific ion effects on neutral polymers are determined by both the direct and indirect specific ion-polymer interactions, whereas the ion specificities of charged polymers are mainly dominated by the specific ion-pairing interactions. The ionic cross-linking effect exerted by the multivalent ions is widely used to tune the properties of polyelectrolytes, while the reentrant behavior of polyelectrolytes in the presence of multivalent ions still remains poorly understood. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects not only can be applied to make strong polyelectrolytes thermosensitive, but also can be used to prepare polymeric nano-objects and to control the wettability of polyelectrolyte brush-modified surfaces. The not well-studied ionic hydrogen bond effects are also discussed in the last section of this review.
离子对合成聚合物的影响因其在决定合成聚合物性能方面的关键作用而受到广泛关注。本综述聚焦于合成聚合物体系中从溶液到刷状聚合物和凝胶的特定离子效应、多价离子效应以及离子亲水性/疏水性效应。中性聚合物的特定离子效应由直接和间接的特定离子 - 聚合物相互作用共同决定，而带电聚合物的离子特异性主要由特定离子对相互作用主导。多价离子产生的离子交联效应被广泛用于调节聚电解质的性能，然而多价离子存在时聚电解质的折返行为仍知之甚少。离子亲水性/疏水性效应不仅可用于使强聚电解质具有热敏性，还可用于制备聚合物纳米物体以及控制聚电解质刷修饰表面的润湿性。本综述的最后一部分还讨论了研究较少的离子氢键效应。
