Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2020 May;35(5):415-425. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.01.005. Epub 2020 Mar 21.
Despite substantial progress in understanding the genetic basis for differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior, many phenotypes of interest are difficult to study with traditional genetic approaches because their origin traces to deep nodes in the tree of life. Moreover, many species are not amenable to either large-scale sampling or laboratory crosses. We argue that phylogenetic methods and theory provide tremendous power to identify the functional genetic variation underlying trait evolution. We anticipate that existing statistical comparative approaches will be more commonly applied to studying the genetic basis for phenotypic evolution as whole genomes continue to populate the tree of life. Nevertheless, new methods and approaches will be needed to fully capitalize on the power of clade-scale genomic datasets.
尽管在理解形态、生理和行为差异的遗传基础方面取得了重大进展，但由于许多感兴趣的表型起源于生命之树的深节点，因此传统的遗传方法很难对其进行研究。此外，许多物种既不适合大规模采样，也不适合实验室杂交。我们认为，系统发育方法和理论为确定性状进化背后的功能遗传变异提供了巨大的力量。我们预计，随着全基因组继续在生命之树上出现，现有的统计比较方法将更常用于研究表型进化的遗传基础。然而，需要新的方法和途径来充分利用分支尺度基因组数据集的力量。
