Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 140, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eur Geriatr Med. 2020 Apr;11(2):195-207. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00294-2. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
Since there is only limited evidence available for geriatric rehabilitation patients, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterize the nutritional status in this population and its relationship with functionality.
Eight databases were searched for full-text articles reporting baseline nutritional intake and status of adults ≥ 60 years in rehabilitation settings. Pooled estimates were calculated for prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and for mean body mass index (BMI). Associations between nutritional status (MNA, MNA short form and BMI) and functional status (Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure) and prevalence of sarcopenia were reviewed.
62 out of 1717 references were eligible for inclusion. Pooled prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 13 (5-20) % and 47 (40-54) %. Pooled estimate (95% CI) for BMI was 23.8 (23.2-24.5) kg/m. Existing data suggest a risk for low protein and energy intake and vitamin D deficiency. Functional status differed widely. Seven out of ten studies reported significant associations between reduced nutritional status and reduced functionality, whilst two out of seven studies reported significant associations between higher BMI and functionality. Prevalence of sarcopenia was high with 40-76% in this population.
Although geriatric rehabilitation populations and settings were heterogeneous, a relevant percentage of geriatric rehabilitation patients were affected by a reduced nutritional status. Nutritional status was associated with decreased functionality. This emphasizes the need for screening for malnutrition and targeted nutritional intervention.
由于针对老年康复患者的证据有限，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在描述该人群的营养状况及其与功能的关系。
在 8 个数据库中搜索了报告成年人≥60 岁在康复环境中营养摄入和营养状况基线的全文文章。根据 Mini 营养评估（MNA）计算营养不良和营养不良风险的患病率，并根据身体质量指数（BMI）计算平均 BMI。回顾了营养状况（MNA、MNA 简表和 BMI）与功能状态（巴氏指数和功能独立性量表）和肌少症患病率之间的相关性。
从 1717 篇参考文献中筛选出 62 篇符合纳入标准的文献。营养不良和营养不良风险的汇总患病率[95%置信区间（CI）]分别为 13（5-20）%和 47（40-54）%。BMI 的汇总估计值（95%CI）为 23.8（23.2-24.5）kg/m2。现有数据表明蛋白质和能量摄入不足以及维生素 D 缺乏的风险。功能状态差异很大。十分之七的研究报告了营养状况降低与功能降低之间存在显著相关性，而七分之二的研究报告了 BMI 升高与功能之间存在显著相关性。该人群的肌少症患病率较高，为 40-76%。
尽管老年康复人群和环境存在异质性，但相当一部分老年康复患者存在营养状况下降的问题。营养状况与功能下降有关。这强调了筛查营养不良和有针对性的营养干预的必要性。
