Bozhchenko A P, Kolesnikova D V, Belykh A N, Tolmachev I A
Department of Forensic Medicine of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Branch No. 1 of the State-owned Federal State Institution 111th Main State Center for Forensic and Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Sud Med Ekspert. 2020;63(2):64-70. doi: 10.17116/sudmed20206302164.
Issues related to the beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia, the date of foundation of the first department and the emergence of the first professors of forensic medicine are considered. We studied publications on forensic medicine of the 18th-19th centuries, the work of authoritative researchers in the history of medicine of this period. Study methods: systemic, comparative historical, analytical. An original periodization of the formation of the teaching of forensic medicine in Russia is proposed. The first period (since 1707) is the period of hospital schools; without isolation of forensic medicine as a separate medical discipline. The second period (from 1765) is the course period; the one of primary university education and hospital schools, or the initial isolation of forensic medicine. The third period (1798-1805) - the departmental period; the one of academic and university education, or the completion of the separation of forensic medicine. The names of the first domestic forensic professors who taught it as a separate medical discipline are established: Francis Keresturi, Johann Conradi, Johann Ringebroig, the first adjunct professors: Gabriel Popov Grigory Sukharev. It was confirmed that the first department of forensic medicine in Russia was the Department of Matter of Medicine and Forensic Medical Science of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy, formed in 1798. The first head of the department was Professor Johann Ringebroig.
本文探讨了俄罗斯法医学教学起始相关的问题，包括首个法医学系的成立日期以及首批法医学教授的出现情况。我们研究了18至19世纪法医学的相关出版物以及这一时期医学史上权威研究者的著作。研究方法：系统研究法、比较历史研究法、分析研究法。本文提出了俄罗斯法医学教学形成的原创性分期。第一个时期（自1707年起）是医院学校时期；法医学尚未作为一门独立的医学学科分离出来。第二个时期（从1765年起）是课程时期；这是初级大学教育和医院学校时期，或者是法医学初步分离的时期。第三个时期（1798 - 1805年）——系级时期；这是学术和大学教育时期，或者是法医学分离完成的时期。确定了首批将法医学作为一门独立医学学科进行教学的俄罗斯法医学教授的名字：弗朗西斯·凯雷斯图里、约翰·康拉迪、约翰·林格布罗伊格，首批副教授：加布里埃尔·波波夫、格里戈里·苏哈列夫。证实俄罗斯首个法医学系是1798年成立的圣彼得堡医学与外科学院医学与法医学物质系。该系的首任系主任是约翰·林格布罗伊格教授。
