Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2020 Sep 1;295:113491. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113491. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
The influence of environmental contaminant toluene and of plant fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) on reproduction are reported, but the mechanisms of their action and the protective effect of fennel on contaminant influence remain to be elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that toluene and fennel directly affects basic ovarian cell functions, and that fennel can be used as an appropriate natural protective agent against the potential adverse effects of toluene. This study aimed to examine the action of toluene (20 μg/mL) and fennel extract (0, 1, 10, 100 μg/mL), and assess their combination on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone release by cultured healthy mare ovarian granulosa cells. Viability, proliferation (percentage of PCNA-positive cells), apoptosis and release of progesterone, oxytocin and prostaglandin F were evaluated by using Trypan blue exclusion tests, immunocytochemistry and enzyme immunoassays, respectively. Toluene, when given alone, inhibited viability, proliferation, apoptosis, progesterone, prostaglandin F and IGF-I. However, it did not affect oxytocin release. Moreover, Fennel, when given alone, inhibited viability, progesterone, and prostaglandin F release, as well as stimulating proliferation and oxytocin release. In addition, Fennel did not affect apoptosis. When given in combination with toluene, fennel was able to suppress, and even invert, the effects of toluene on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, prostaglandin F, and IGF-I. However, it did not alter its effect on progesterone release. Moreover, fennel induced the inhibitory effect of toluene on oxytocin output. The findings of our study suggest direct adverse effects of toluene on the basic ovarian functions of mares. Lastly, we also observed the direct influence of fennel on these functions, as well as its ability to be a natural protector against the action of toluene on the ovarian functions of mares.
报道了环境污染物甲苯和植物茴香（Foeniculum vulgare Mill.）对繁殖的影响，但它们的作用机制和茴香对污染物影响的保护作用仍有待阐明。在这项研究中，我们假设甲苯和茴香直接影响基本的卵巢细胞功能，并且茴香可以用作对抗甲苯潜在不良影响的合适天然保护剂。本研究旨在检查甲苯（20μg/mL）和茴香提取物（0、1、10、100μg/mL）的作用，并评估它们对培养的健康母马卵巢颗粒细胞活力、增殖、凋亡和激素释放的组合作用。通过使用台盼蓝排斥试验、免疫细胞化学和酶免疫测定法分别评估活力、增殖（PCNA 阳性细胞的百分比）、凋亡和孕激素、催产素和前列腺素 F 的释放。甲苯单独使用时，会抑制活力、增殖、凋亡、孕激素、前列腺素 F 和 IGF-I 的释放。然而，它不会影响催产素的释放。此外，茴香单独使用时，会抑制活力、孕激素和前列腺素 F 的释放，同时刺激增殖和催产素的释放。此外，茴香不会影响凋亡。当与甲苯一起使用时，茴香能够抑制甚至反转甲苯对活力、增殖、凋亡、前列腺素 F 和 IGF-I 的作用。然而，它并没有改变其对孕激素释放的影响。此外，茴香诱导了甲苯对催产素分泌的抑制作用。我们的研究结果表明，甲苯对母马基本卵巢功能有直接的不良影响。最后，我们还观察到茴香对这些功能的直接影响，以及它作为对抗甲苯对母马卵巢功能作用的天然保护剂的能力。
