Christon R
Station de Recherches de Nutrition, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
J Anim Sci. 1988 Dec;66(12):3112-23. doi: 10.2527/jas1988.66123112x.
Three experiments involving 34 individually fed pigs were conducted in Guadeloupe (16 degrees Lat. N., 61 degrees Long. W.) to determine the effects of environmental temperature (tropical, 22 to 32 degrees C, vs thermoneutral, 17 to 21 degrees C) and feeding method (restricted vs ad libitum) on performance, carcass characteristics and physiological and metabolic responses of pigs at three weight ranges (8 to 25, 29 to 50 and 54 to 79 kg live weight). Compared with the control environment, the tropical climate increased rectal temperature and respiratory rate but depressed growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization. In addition, in the heaviest weight group, feed intake was reduced and body fat increased. Changes in metabolic status, such as increased concentrations of plasma free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity were observed in pigs housed in the tropical environment. Moreover, in these pigs, there was a decreased plasma concentration of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine). These results indicate that tropical ambient temperature markedly affects the metabolism of pigs and, therefore, probably influences their nutritional requirements.
在瓜德罗普岛（北纬16度，西经61度）对34头单独饲养的猪进行了三项试验，以确定环境温度（热带环境，22至32摄氏度，与热中性环境，17至21摄氏度）和饲喂方式（限饲与自由采食）对三个体重范围（8至25千克、29至50千克和54至79千克活重）猪的生产性能、胴体特性以及生理和代谢反应的影响。与对照环境相比，热带气候使直肠温度和呼吸频率升高，但生长速度和饲料利用效率降低。此外，在最重的体重组中，采食量减少，体脂增加。在热带环境中饲养的猪出现了代谢状态的变化，如血浆游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇浓度升高以及脂肪组织脂蛋白脂肪酶活性增加。而且，这些猪的血浆甲状腺激素（三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素）浓度降低。这些结果表明，热带环境温度显著影响猪的代谢，因此可能影响它们的营养需求。
